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The modeling of the clutter echoes is a central issue for the design and performance evaluation of radar systems. The aim of this paper is to describe the state-of-the-art approaches to the modeling and understanding of land and sea clutter echoes and their implications on performance prediction and signal processors design. The tutorial is mainly divided in 5 parts: (i) Radar sea and ground clutter...
The objective of this work is to develop optimal polarimetric Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) ship detection system. Polarimetric transformation/decompositions, clutter analysis, modeling, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and multi-CFAR detection are the necessary components of optimal polarimetric CFAR ship detectors. The resulting CFAR detector outperforms the conventional polarimetric CFAR...
In this paper, a robust CFAR detector, composed of an automatic dual censoring algorithm and the cell averaging CFAR detector, is proposed for non-homogenous environment. The new detector is named an automatic dual censoring cell averaging (ADCCA). The proposed detector does not require any prior knowledge about the background environment and uses two threshold values to reject the unwanted samples...
This paper describes a detection and localization method for high speed moving targets using a short-range ultra-wideband (UWB) impulse radar. Equivalent time sampling impulse radar with an antenna array is used to transmit ultra short-pulse and receive the signal reflected from moving targets. A time domain multi-threshold detection method is proposed to detect the useful weak signal buried in noise...
In this paper we apply a data association in track-before detect (TBD) with a polar Hough transform (PHT) in a radar network. The proposed algorithm is applied in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar system. We study the sensitivity of TBD multi-radar system as a function of the errors of target trajectory parameters measurement. The results are obtained in the presence of Randomly Arriving...
We present a novel receiver structure for the detection and parameter estimation of linear frequency modulated signals. The proposed structure is based on the relations between the fractional Fourier transform and the ambiguity function. It has been shown that the optimal ML receiver, which is the peak detector in the ambiguity plane, can be implemented at a reduced search complexity with the proposed...
This paper illustrates a new algorithm for noncoherent integration and ambiguity resolution in medium PRF wave-forms. Range and Doppler ambiguity resolution is one of the main issues in Medium PRF radars [1,2,3]; it will be shown that the proposed algorithm provides range and Doppler ambiguities resolution as an inherent feature while maximizing detection probability with respect to conventional binary...
Traditional STAP detectors require a secondary training data set that is target free and homogeneous with the cell under test (CUT). Hybrid detectors have been proposed for heterogeneous environments where the secondary data suffers from a statistical mismatch with respect to the interference in the CUT. These algorithms employ the generalised inner product (GIP) as a heterogeneity measure and eliminate...
This paper addresses the effect of wind on target detection performance using a space based radar platform. Forests and lakes are constantly being modulated by wind, which then affects the radar pulse returns by suitably amplitude modulating the temporal returns, thus affecting the Doppler. Billingsley has modeled the windblown autocorrelations using a real symmetric function that is the sum of a...
The use of adaptive techniques may prove useful in the processing of radar signals. The proposed radar clutter classificator is aimed to improve the detection of snow clutter presence in data acquired by a ground radar system in an air traffic control environment. The classifier receives as input a set of features which describe the appearance of the same plot in two consecutive scans of the ground...
In this paper we introduce a new switched order statistics CFAR test (SW-OS) for detecting a radar target in the presence of nonhomogeneous clutter and/or multiple interfering targets situation. Whereas a switching CFAR test (S-CFAR) was recently proposed in the literature for addressing a similar background scenario, unlike the S-CFAR test, the test proposed here does not utilize the test cell statistic...
In this paper, we propose and assess an adaptive radar detector that can adjust its ldquodirectivityrdquo through a real scalar parameter. Proper choices of such a parameter return, as special cases, the well-known Kellypsilas GLRT and the recently introduced W-ABORT detector. More important, through the tuning of the above parameter one can control the level to which sidelobe signals are rejected...
To check the capabilities of a dasiashared aperturepsila, at FGAN the PALES experimental system is built up. Especially array signal processing with a multibeam system is investigated. In this paper the basics of signal detection by square law detectors are discussed. The proposed signal detection method is based on a time frequency representation. Besides signal detection also the PRF of the received...
In this paper a MAP estimator is derived for target position estimation in high resolution radars where the events of backscatters, i.e., reflections, from extended targets and clutter are modeled as non-homogenous Poisson process. Performance of the proposed MAP estimator has been compared to that of the maximum likelihood estimator for the same model and also to that of the most commonly used peak...
Derived from statistical conditional optimization criteria, the auxiliary-vector (AV) detection algorithm starts from the target vector and adding non-orthogonal auxiliary vector components generates an infinite sequence of tests that converges to the ideal matched filter (MF) processor for any positive definite input autocorrelation matrix. When the input autocorrelation matrix is replaced by a conventional...
Defence Research and Development Canada - Ottawa has developed an experimental airborne radar referred to as the X-band Wideband Experimental Airborne Radar (XWEAR). The radar was designed to support research into SAR imaging of fixed and moving targets (ocean and land), time-frequency analysis of moving targets, clutter suppression for GMTI radar, and ocean surveillance for small and large target...
Based on Steinpsilas lemma, we use relative entropy as an error exponent measure to study the detection performance of Neyman Pearson (NP) detectors. Both multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar and phased-array radar are investigated. We introduce the notion of diversity order to get the insights of results. For a bistatic radar where the transmitters and receivers are deployed separately with...
Along track SAR interferometry (AT-InSAR) systems use more than one SAR antennas (typically two), mounted on the same platform and displaced along the platform moving direction. They are used to detect ground moving target. The information about the radial velocity of the moving target is estimated from the interferometric phase of the images. In this paper we show that exploiting not only the interferometric...
This paper addresses a new perspective on the exploitation of diversity resembling recent seminal proposals with multiple antennas known as MIMO radar. Our focus pursues similar advantages as spatial MIMO systems but intending to achieve the desired resistance over fading or/and SNR increase without relying on multiple antennas. We design an OFDM-CDM waveform well inspired in modern communications...
A 3D Hough transform is introduced for detection of linear trajectories in a 3D data space. Data space is constructed from returned radar data using range, bearing, and time information. This information is then mapped into a 3D Cartesian data space. The constant velocity target trajectories appear as straight lines in this space, and are detected by the usage of 3D Hough transform. The efficacy of...
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