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This paper makes the empirical study on parallel imports in pharmaceuticals and social welfare. It shows that the regime of international exhaustion of IPRs and parallel imports of medicines can facilitate the optimal utilization of global resources and benefit more people in the world. Parallel imports can drive competition and make consumers obtain the pharmaceuticals at lower prices. It can bring...
Defining the social capital in the structure of competitive alliance, this paper presents analysis and evaluating system of social capital. Based on four-dimensional elements: information volume, information diversity, information richness, information adaptation, the paper establishes evaluating model of social capital in competitive alliance and method of multilevel fuzzy evaluation, which well...
The problem of designing an incentive contract to coordinate a two-level supply chain is studied in this paper. In a context of one supplier and one retailer supply chain, because of the existence of asymmetric information, most of the retailer's actions are unobservable by the supplier, thus can't be contracted accordingly. To ensure a win-win outcome for both sides, an effective linear contract...
It is the target of management to raise the management utilities, and the evaluation of information is also the emphasis of management. The value of information is always related to its environment called context. In the process of decision making, the players use some information, form their own beliefs, and maximize their utilities in a certain context. With utility comparison between the different...
Both amelioration and deterioration effects are seen simultaneously for the inventory system with the items such as broiler, duck, pig, etc. in the poultry farm, highbred fishes in pond. When these items are kept in the farm or in the sales counter, they will increase in value due to their growth, and decrease in value due to feeding expenses and/or diseases. This paper presents an inventory model...
For the nation, East and West areas, there was a unidirectional Granger causality running from house price index to land price index before the adoption of new method to sell land right in 2002 However, there was bi-directional Granger causality between land price and house price after 2002. Evidence in these areas supports both of the Neoclassical theory of land rent and the Ricardian rent theory...
This paper investigates an optimal procurement policy for items with fixed lifetime. So any units which remain unused by their expiry date are considered outdated, and must be disposed of. The demand rate of items is assumed to be a function of current inventory level if the inventory is greater than or equal to S0, and is constant if the inventory is less than S0. For the system presented, a mathematical...
This paper builds a basic model of studying diversified corporation discounts from information asymmetry in internal capital market. Divisional managers exaggerate the project information to corporate headquarter, which lead to misallocation investment resources and harm corporate value. By using Chinese listed firms as study sample, this paper testifies the proposition of the model.
Based on abstracting the coordinate development phenomenon of the third party logistics (TPL) and industrial clusters, the article first analyzes the nature of the synergy relationship between TPL and industrial clusters: superficially, the link between the TPL and the industries clusters is that TPL is the logistics service provider while the industrial clusters are the demanders; fundamentally,...
Information technology and e-commerce are the most representative phenomena of this time, compared with traditional brick-and-mortar, the Internet can easily make retail enterprises reach potential consumers. In this paper, two types of channel distributions are suggested for single retailer. One is on-line sale, which is considered as a general tendency of the times, and the other is traditional...
This paper studies the retailer's ordering size for deteriorating products under the condition of trade credit offered by the supplier. We introduce to determine the interest charged by the supplier with the total unpaid purchasing cost. Under the assumption of determinate demand and determinate deteriorating rate, we derive an optimal ordering policy for deteriorating products. The paper also provides...
Based on market power hypothesis and efficiency- structure hypothesis of industrial organization theory, the concentration, efficiency and performance of Chinese feed- processing industry were analyzed in this study, and the correlations among them were revealed. With the data of Chinese feed-processing industry, the validities of these theoretical hypotheses were tested. It shows that modified efficiency-...
Commerce is an important part of national economy and it plays an influential role to national economic growth; our country (China) also pays more and more attention to commercial development, for example the commercial affairs department decided to start establishing works of the commercial network plans of cities in 2008. This article wants to explain the importance and present situation of commerce...
Since the revenue management theory introduced to China, the research in China on pricing mainly focused on the study of pricing model under different demand, but those research rarely refer to the demand characteristics of domestic passenger market, as well as to the pricing strategy which based on those characteristics. Based on the differential pricing theory, the social class of passengers and...
Nowadays, distribution channel revolution has brought about enormous channel organization form change. And the authority leader in channel may also change. Members in the downsteam supply chain struggle for the channel power and more cooperative profits during the cooperation, which seriously affects the efficiency and effectiveness of the whole channel, even the stability and evolution of supply...
In this paper, according to the analysis of the demand system of gasoline in China, we set up and ran a dynamic simulation system of Chinese gasoline demand with Vensim, the software on dynamic system. In this system, we designed different scenes of world oil price and analyzed the changes on the demand and supply of China's gasoline, its domestic price, the growth of China's gasoline vehicles and...
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