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The probabilistic multi-hypothesis tracking (PMHT) algorithm has been successfully applied to a simulated multi-static active sonar data set that contains a single constant velocity target in varying amounts of clutter [1]. The simulated data set in that study contained negligible registration error was therefore easily registered to a common frame of reference for use in a centralized tracking architecture...
Numerous national and multinational initiatives in maritime surveillance have been initiated, with the goal of having knowledge of all coastal and open-seas activities relevant to national security. As part of this effort, NATO is pursuing research activities to exploit existing multi-sensor systems in support of maritime surveillance. Multi-sensor fusion of data from maritime surveillance assets...
This paper presents a fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) approach to develop an inference engine to perform goal reasoning based on information gathered by a sensor network. Fuzzy nodes are used to represent the goals and sub-goals in the system and conditional causality regulates inference in the network. Statistical estimates obtained from a preceding data fusion operation are converted into fuzzy memberships...
The estimation of a vehiclepsilas dynamic state is one of the most fundamental data fusion tasks for intelligent traffic applications. For that, motion models are applied in order to increase the accuracy and robustness of the estimation. This paper surveys numerous (especially curvilinear) models and compares their performance using a tracking tasks which includes the fusion of GPS and odometry data...
In this paper, we detail some technical alternatives when building a coherent distributed visual sensor network by using the multi-agent paradigm. We argue that the multi-agent paradigm fits well within the visual sensor network architecture and in this paper we specially focus on the problem of distributed data fusion. Three different data fusion coordination schemes are proposed and experimental...
In this paper we examine the single sensor, bearings-only target tracking problem. This problem is known to be difficult due to the potential unobservability of elements of the targetpsilas state and the high degree of nonlinearity in the measurement process. We compare the performance of three different tracking algorithms. The algorithms are of varying degrees of computational complexity. The results...
Source localization using channel energy measurements of distributed sensors has been well studied, but assumes the target not to move significantly during both the communication between the sensors and the calculation. We want to estimate the trajectory of a moving target, which passes through a sensor field. The sensors are simple in the sense that they can only measure the received signal strength...
A dynamically-based birth/death process is proposed for use in Bayesian single-target tracking. The underlying dynamics are based on an integrated Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, which is stationary in velocity but not in position. Target birth and death events are defined in terms of a given spatial region of interest. Target death (or, escape) occurs when the dynamics move the target outside this region...
This paper studies sensor network surveillance performance at the automatic tracker output. In particular, we develop a simple analytical model for tracker performance, where the interest is in a compact representation of the impact of sensor revisit time. This model, combined with a previously developed contact fusion model, allows for an analysis of two fusion architectures: a standard centralized...
Networked systems that gather sensor data in order to react to phenomena in their surroundings are faced with a growing need for adaptive behavior to operate in dynamically changing environments. In designing a networked system the data processing chain can be decomposed into functional components. These functional components interact by requesting information they need and fulfilling requests received...
This paper aims at illustrating some applications of finite random set (FRS) theory to the design and analysis of wireless communication receivers, and at pointing out similarities and differences between this scenario and that pertaining to multi-target tracking, where the use of FRS has been traditionally advocated. Two case studies are considered, i.e., multiuser detection in a dynamic environment,...
An overarching problem in asymmetric warfare is defeating the network. In this paper, we discuss the technology challenges of applying traditional fusion capabilities to networks. We also discuss the war fighter challenges of context switching between networks and other INTS. To address the technology and war fighter challenges, we recast the notion of object, relationship, and track in the context...
Feature aided tracking can often yield improved tracking performance over the standard radar tracking with positional measurements alone. However, the complexity of the tracker may dramatically increase due to the inclusion of the target feature state. In this paper, we study the situation where the target feature is a constant or slowly varying parameter with respect to the target state and can be...
A promising method of non-cooperative identification is the classification of a target by high-resolution radar signatures. By simultaneous tracking and classification one obtains a set of successive radar range profiles which contain information on the target from different aspect angles. At this point data fusion of the declaration series can help to stabilize the identification against misclassifications...
The challenge of modern sensor systems is besides the tracking of targets more and more their classification. The knowledge of the target class has significant influence on the identification, threat evaluation and weapon assignment process of large systems. Especially, considering new types of threats in anti asymmetric warfare the knowledge of a target class has an important drawback. Also the target...
Considerable research has been done on tracking ground targets, including on-road targets. Lane tracking of an on-road target is a new problem in the ground target tracking area. Knowledge of the lane that a target is located in is of particular interest in on-road surveillance and target tracking systems. This paper proposes a method to track the lane of an on-road target based on a hidden Markov...
Many practical frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radars utilize consecutive upchirps and/or downchirps of the same ramp slope to extract the desired range and velocity information of the targets. In this contribution it is demonstrated that consecutive ramp sequences provide only little more information compared to a non-consecutive sequence, but lead to a huge calculation complexity. Additional...
We study a direct location estimator for the problem of calculating the positions of multiple sources from measurements made with a moving antenna array. In the first pre-processing step, subspaces are formed from the raw antenna outputs at all positions of the moving array. Then the parameters of interest are directly estimated from a cost function that results from fusing all subspaces. This Subspace...
In this paper, we propose a Gaussian mixture (GM)-probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter based algorithm for multiple objects tracking. To reduce the number of used Gaussians, we introduced a clustering procedure and observation Gaussians estimation, to avoid the exponential growth of mixture components when the number of measurement highly increases. The new birth of Gaussian components is performed...
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