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This paper demonstrates a simplified approach for reversible logic synthesis based on direct translation of the circuit VHDL description into virtual Fredkin gates. We investigate the size and speed of such a reversible logic implementation of the Brent-Kung Parallel Prefix Adder (PPA) in comparison to a standard logic implementation. Using the Altera Corporation's Quartic II synthesis and simulation...
The fixed-point binary representation, an integer format with an implied binary point, is an alternative to the IEEE floating-point binary layout. Systems that do not support the IEEE floating-point format, e.g., mobile devices, use the fixed-point format because it fits well into integer data paths whereas floating-point requires its own data path. Software developers who port to fixed-point systems...
Discrimination of targets vs. clutter is critical to many radar identification problems. For the purpose of Improvised Explosive Device (IED) detection, radar range profiles and images are valuable to capture the target of interest; it remains a big challenge to differentiate the target from the surrounding man-made clutter. The goal is to reduce the clutter. It is well-known that vector wave scattering...
A quasi rail-to-rail (VDD -Vdsa, -Vss) operational amplifier with a single differential pair is presented. A new common-mode adapter circuit based on a differential pair structure is proposed. With the common-mode adapter circuit, the common-mode input range is extended; the differential-mode signal is not affected. A two-stage operational amplifier with the proposed common-mode adapter is designed...
This paper describes the design requirements, tradeoffs and simulations involved with the design specifications of an Atmospheric Imaging Radar (AIR). Design constraints are discussed including size and portability. Radar details include the range of meteorological targets detectable, maximum range, and other criteria needed for the weather radar equation. A dual pulse repetition time waveform is...
This paper deals with Through-Silicon Vias (TSVs) for 3-D IC stacking, and discusses the effect of an etched via profile on copper seed layer deposition in terms of providing conformal coverage along the via sidewall. A detailed study of the uniformity of the copper seed layer deposited by a Varian XM8 magnetron sputtering system is reported. The effect of process parameters such as pressure and power...
Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM) is used to camouflage or shield highly reflective surfaces such metallic surfaces from incident electromagnetic (EM) waves. In this paper, we explore the applications of metamaterials as conformal RAM coatings for controlling the reflection of EM waves from metal surfaces. Metamaterials are engineered materials with specially designed metallic resonant structures that...
The LTCC (Low-temperature Cofired Ceramics) technique is considered for the metamaterial substrate of a microstrip antenna. The target frequency is 76 GHz~77 GHz for the automotive radar. The metamaterial substrate design and microstirp antenna design are discussed in this paper. The reflection and transmission coefficients of metamaterials are simulated using HFSS simulator. The permittivity and...
Full-chip functional verification for RF-A/MS (analog mixed-signal) applications is not only new as a "design methodology process" to some design organizations; but, is fast becoming a "must have" verification as a final tape-out simulation sign-off. Today's wireless industry, due to tight schedule demands and short product life-cycles, requires that a RFIC development group deliver...
This paper presents the development and evaluation of a time-frequency processing technique for detection and classification of buried cylindrical targets from chirp-based parametric sonar data. The software is designed to discriminate between cylindrical targets - such as cables - of different diameters, which need to be identified as different from other strong reflectors or point targets. The method...
This paper describes a method of utilizing UV lasers, detectors, and a high-speed digital signal processor (DSP)-based digitizer to measure the fluorescence lifetime of fluorophores. The aim of the design is to create a low cost compact device which guarantees ease of use while not compromising performance. An ultrafast photomultiplier tube coupled with an excitation light filter is used to characterize...
There is increasing concerns regarding national security risks associated with international freight and cargo shipments. The existing container-trailer security monitoring systems for transportation and logistics employ conventional methods and technologies such as video cameras, infrared sensors and ultrasonic proximity sensors (line of sight configuration). Disadvantages include high cost, failures...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PE), a ubiquitous bacterium, has an overwhelming presence among hospitals and nursing homes. Common infections and inflammation caused by PE are acute pneumonia and infection related pulmonary complications in cystic fibrosis patients. We used cultures of human lung fibroblasts to investigate the mechanism of PE-induced inflammatory response. In our controlled experiments,...
An event based measurement updating method is introduced for discrete Kalman filters to estimate the state feedback of Lebesgue sampled data systems. It is proposed that the conventional prediction and the measurement updating stages of discrete Kalman filters are not processed at the same rate. The prediction can be constant but the measurement rate is varied based on Lebesgue sampling. The measurement...
Switched reluctance (SR) motors are among the most robust motors founnd in industry. The adoption in practice is limited by the difficulty of the drive electronics and control. This is due to the highly non linear characteristics of SR motors. Existing control methods used in SR motors are often based on look-up tables of the torque and the flux characteristics that are derived from magnetic finite...
Researchers have analyzed human movement coordination in a variety of ways using different optimization variables and functions. In this study we used a 4-link sagittal plane biomechanical model of sit-to-stand transfer to study physiological cost optimization. We regulated the movement with optimal controller design emulating central nervous system decision making. In such scheme the state and inputs...
Electroencephalogram (EEG) is an electrical recording of brain activity. It has numerous diagnostic and research applications in the study of the brain. EEG can be recorded from the human brain by the placement of electrodes on the surface of the scalp, but the signals thus picked up are very small (on the order of a few microvolts) to be recorded or digitized (for example by an A/D converter). Hence...
The contrast in dielectric properties between normal and malignant tissues is a basis for diagnostic applications using microwave devices. The study of normal tissues has been widely reviewed. Experimentally determined permittivity values tend to have larger inaccuracies as frequency increases due to the increased complexity of the measurement. Furthermore, it is anticipated that most tissues, especially...
Remote patient monitoring is an alternative to regular home check-ups of patients with certain special medical conditions or the elderly who are unable to regularly visit a healthcare facility. This technology reduces the number of home visits which are now only required when special attention is needed. This paper presents the design and development of a remote point-of-care patient monitoring system...
A self-contained cough monitoring system is a device that allows remote and quantitative cough measurements in patients. The device is being developed to achieve two goals: convenience and security. This paper focuses on the features of the cough monitor hardware and development of the microcontroller firmware, and directions for future research.
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