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The first fuel cell experiments were completed in 1839 by Sir William Robert Grove. In the 1950s, General Electric developed fuel cells for aerospace applications. In the 1960s, NASA adopted fuel cell technology to provide safe, reliable power for space missions. Today, fuel cell manufacturers are producing commercial products for real-world applications, including personal electronics, industrial...
Back-up power systems are an integral part of most if not all mission-critical installations. Services as varied as data centers, communications networks, and plant operations all rely on continuous availability of quality power. Traditionally batteries have been the Achilles heel of telecom sites and other power quality applications. The cost of replacement and the sub par reliability required for...
The direct methanol fuel cell is a power source that could produce reliable electrical energy at high efficiencies and low pollution levels. This paper describes some of the problems associated with the design of DMFCs as well as results obtained. The laboratory test configuration is briefly explained and test results are presented to assist the design process. The problems associated with the DMFC...
Fuel cell products and systems are still about to break through in their markets. Among many other applications which are currently under development most success for a market entry today is seen for stationary applications where conventional batteries often operate reach their technical limits. A fuel cell system in combination with a UPS application with a power output of netto 2 kW at - 48 VDC...
This paper presents an independent control for multiple parallel-connected uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) system, in which it only requires current sensors. With the calculation of the active and reactive currents, the controllers provide suitable values of the phase angle and amplitude variation of the output voltage reference signal to meet the load demand. A consistent choice of the control...
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