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A new timebase technology for equivalent-time sampling oscilloscopes is presented. The technology is based on the qualification of a high-Q resonator with traditional analog signal processing, and provides a startable oscillator for generating trigger-to-strobe delays with excellent long term jitter performance.
We examine electrical models for lumped-element impedance standards used in on-wafer network-analyzer calibrations. We illustrate the advantages of using models that are complicated enough to replicate the actual electrical behavior of the lumped standards, but do not have more degrees of freedom than absolutely necessary.
We have developed a novel ultra-fast voltage measurement system, the scanning force optoelectronic microscope (SFOEM), by integrating a scanning force microscope (SFM) and an optical sampling technique. This paper describes a method by which a 2ps pulse propagation image directed along the edge of a coplanar strip (CPS) has been recorded using the SFOEM. It also describes how oppositely polarized...
This paper presents a new method for estimating the total carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR) of an arbitrary signal distorted by a nonlinear device. Using a kernel function derived from swept power two-tone intermodulation distortion (IMD) measurements, the CIR versus input power of a nonlinear device may be determined for any arbitrary input signal. Only a knowledge of the input signal peak-to-average...
It is shown in this paper how the classical concept of the -network analyser- can be extended towards modulated and large-signal operating conditions. The concept is demonstrated by measuring the saturated behaviour of a MMIC amplifier, excited by modulated signals with CDMA characteristics. It is then illustrated how the measured data can be used to construct an accurate behavioural model.
We develop and apply frequency-domain mismatch corrections to a temporal electro-optic sampling system. We use these corrections to characterize the magnitude and phase of electrical sources that are physically far removed from the point at which the electro-optic sampling system measures voltage waveforms. We demonstrate the technique by determining the power spectrum of a photoreceiver-s optical...
The definition, measurement, and traceability of aberrations in pulse waveform metrology is discussed. The use of reference waveforms and masks allows the definition of aberrations within specific regions relative to the transition point of a pulse generator, as desired by manufacturers and users. Of particular importance is the definition of aberrations for specific bandwidths, often required by...
Noise is the fundamental to our understanding communication. For the last ten years and with the emerging of the wireless communication industry, the demand of making high accurate noise generator measurements has increased dramatically. The increased accuracy specification of the Noise Figure Analyzers is based in part on better calibrations of the Noise Source. Our primary noise source standards...
Printed circuit boards with plug-in pins and edge-connectors for insertion into appropriate sockets on a mother-board are used in the electronics industry as functional circuit blocks. For example, functions such as additional RAM can be added to a personal computer by inserting cards with edge connectors to mate with the CPU mother-board. In RF amplifiers used in high-speed data transmission, video...
Improvements to the NPL time domain measurement facility for the calibration of fast oscilloscope risetime are described. Particular emphasis is placed on characterising a coplanar waveguide to coaxial connector transition between a photoconductive pulse generator and the input of an oscilloscope sampling head. Two methods of measuring the transition are described and it is shown that test electrical...
In this paper we apply a broadband measurement method to determine the propagation characteristics of coupled-line structures fabricated in different metallization layers of a 0.25 -m CMOS technology. We show that the matrices of frequency-dependent line parameters, as extracted from calibrated four-port S-parameter measurements, agree well with data predicted by numerical calculations, and discuss...
In this article the effects of non-linearities and other impairments in a direct up-conversion transmitter is investigated. By using simple non-linear models for the non-linearities at baseband and for the power amplifier, a total mathematical model of the transmitter is obtained. From the model it can be seen that both the amplitude and the phase distortion of the transmitter are dependent on both...
A microwave electric-field mapping system based on electro-optic sampling has been developed using micromachined gallium arsenide crystals mounted on gradient-index lenses and single-mode optical fibers. Three orthogonal polarization components of the electric field are distinguished, and two-dimensional field images are obtained by scanning the fiber-based probes in a plane above the device under...
This paper presents explicit analysis of the output error power in wideband sampling systems in the presence of finite aperture time and sampling jitter. Finite aperture time and sampling jitter are crucial for wideband sampling systems to capture high-frequency signals in high precision. Finite aperture time (or finite aperture window) works as a low pass filter and hence it degrades the high-frequency...
The electromagnetic reverberation chamber is widely used for interference and compatibility compliance testing of electronic products. Such a chamber is particularly effective in quantifying the total radiated power from an emitter regardless of the emitter-s radiation pattern. This feature is useful for characterization of wireless devices and other transmitters, especially as the front-end components...
This paper proposes a quasi-coherent equivalent-time sampling method to acquire repetitive wideband waveform signals with high throughput. We have already proposed a new sampling system which incorporates the pretrigger ability and the time jitter reduction function for a fluctuated input signal while maintaining the waveform recording efficiency. The quasi-coherent sampling method proposed in this...
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