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The safety of railway signalling systems depends on the correctness of the programming of a logical controller known as an interlocking. Assurance of correctness is usually achieved by a combination of testing, both on simulation systems and on the target hardware, and manual or tool-assisted checking of the data, with use being made in some cases of techniques of static analysis and formal methods...
This paper presents a means to determine in-service availability of systems and equipment in a rigorous and consistent manner so that the predicted reliabilities and/or levels of safety can be assured. In addition to validation of predicted system reliability performance, overall levels of safety can be improved by providing clear evidence to support reductions in the amount of intrusive maintenance...
This paper shares the author's experiences of a study and subsequent practical application of structured methods, including goal structuring notation and Bayesian networks, in developing safety arguments.
The basic principles and lessons learned from the cross-acceptance of signalling equipment in that era are presented here for typical products of the rail automation division of Siemens transportation systems in accordance with pre-CENELEC era regulation. The EN 50126/1/, EN 50128/2/ and EN 50129/3/ standards describe the requirements for the safety-related hardware and overall system. The future...
This paper sets out a methodology for setting tolerable risk levels, for various methods of safety integrity level (SIL) determination, to meet the principles as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). It makes proposals on how to deal with the tolerable risk concept for safety instrumented systems (SIS) protecting against single hazards.
This paper describes guidelines for the safety analysis of automotive systems that conform to IEC 61508, and which give advice on safety management, system modeling, hazard identification and classification, risk assessment and safety validation.
This paper examines a number of different methods that could be used to critically review a safety case. It goes on to design and build a structured framework to deliver a review process. The framework has been evaluated separately using a typical high-level safety case. The evaluation proved that the method is easy to use, provides a structured approach and in so doing provides evidence that the...
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