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Automatic detection of microcalcifications in mammograms constitutes a helpful tool in breast cancer diagnosis. Radiologist's confidence level on microcalcification detection would be improved if a probability estimate of its presence could be obtained from computer-aided diagnosis. In this paper we explore detection performance of a simple Bayesian classifier based on Gaussian mixture probability...
We proposed novel depth-controlled photodynamic therapy (PDT) by varying pulsed laser irradiation condition. We focus on photocytotoxicity suppression under high peak power pulsed irradiation to apply this phenomenon to surface intact therapy to preserve healthy wall of a hollow organ. The relation between laser irradiation condition and cell lethality of rat prostate cancer cell with PDT using practical...
We developed a method for testing guide wires and catheters that realistically evaluates the forces applied to anatomical structures by these instruments during urological procedures. The placement of guide wires and catheters to gain access to the upper urinary tract can induce undesirable stresses on the tissues. Previous studies have characterized wire/catheter performances base on their physical...
For the gentle and non-destructive characterisation of small tissue samples, non-invasive methods are required for biotechnological applications and medical diagnostics. One approach is the characterisation of small tissue samples by impedance spectroscopy using a measuring capillary. In this paper, the applicability of a capillary measuring system to record the impedance of a biological sample over...
To explore the characteristics of thermo-source of breast tumors on thermal texture maps. Compared with the histological results, thermo-source characteristics on TTM in 106 cases with breast mass, who would undergo breast surgery, were analyzed according to the parameters such as the depth, morphology, structure, and temperatures of abnormal heat foci in order to find the differences between benign...
Thermography is a non-invasive and non-contact imaging technique used widely in the medical arena. This paper investigates the analysis of thermograms with the use of bio-statistical methods and artificial neural networks (ANN). It is desired that through these approaches, highly accurate diagnosis using thermography techniques can be established. The proposed advanced technique, is a multi-pronged...
A natural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast based on the pulp of a fruit "Euterpe Oleracea", popularly known as Acai, was investigated. T1 and T2 contrasted images shown the effects of the contrast agent increasing the ability to visualize the contour of segments of the gastrointestinal tract
Inhomogeneous breast tissue has a strong scattering effect when the breast is illuminated by a detecting signal. This effect influences the tumor's response signal and makes the imaging result worse. This paper presents an efficient imaging approach to detect breast tumor in inhomogeneous tissue. We separated the transmitter and receiver to lower the rigorous request for antenna design. An ultra wideband...
In UWB microwave imaging for early breast cancer detection, energy allocation to each tumor may be unequally when using single-look method, thus some of the targets may not be detected when multi-tumors exist. In this paper, we put forward a multi-look method: the source was set at eight difference places and eight groups of back-scattered signals were achieved by receiving antennas, the signals of...
Microwave breast tumor detection uses the electrical property contrast between normal tissues and malignancies to detect the latter in an early development stage. However, previous works on the microwave imaging uses 2-D or more complicated models of the breast and electromagnetic wave propagation. We present a computationally efficient and physically instructive electromagnetic wave channel modeling...
Breast thermography is considered particularly valuable for early breast tumors detection. The fast growing tumor has a higher metabolic rate and associated increase in local vascularization. It will cause the occurrence of some asymmetric heat patterns. Clinical interpretation of a breast thermogram is primarily based on the asymmetry analysis of these heat patterns visually and subjectively. In...
The degree of hand pressure applied on a breast determines the possibilities of lump detection during breast self-examination. In this paper, a method for estimating hand pressure is presented by means of analysing image entropy for an image sequence obtained through a Web camera. This is achieved by, firstly, calculating the difference between the current and initial images followed by the entropy...
Textural features have been shown to be valuable in tumor diagnosis. This study combines three practical textural features in ultrasound (US) images, i.e. spatial gray-level dependence matrices (SGLDMs), gray-level difference matrix (GLDM) and auto-covariance matrix, to identify breast tumor as benign or malignant. The textural features were extracted from 147 3-D ultrasound cases and each case composes...
Freehand 3-D ultrasound imaging has been playing an important role in obtaining entire 3-D impression of tissues and organs. Reconstructing a sequence of irregularly located B-scan images into a volume data set with regular voxel arrays is one of key procedures for visualization and data analysis. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of median filters for volume reconstruction in freehand...
The treatment and therapy to be administered on breast cancer patients are dependent on the stage of the disease at time of diagnosis. It is therefore crucial to determine the stage at the earliest time possible. Tumor dissemination to axillary lymph nodes has been regarded as an indication of tumor aggression, thus the stage of the disease. Neural networks have been employed in many applications...
Evidence based medicine is the clinical practice that uses medical data and proof in order to make efficient decisions in the field of the medical domain. Information technology services play a crucial role in exploiting the huge size of medical data involved. Furthermore health care society nowadays utilizes clinical guidelines as a new assistant in their efforts to improve clinical decision efficacy...
Methods that can determine the extent of tissue damage in transplant organs, before the decision to transplant has been made, have the potential to improve the outcome of the procedure by preventing unfit organs from being transplanted into the patient. The raised confidence in the organ state with such a technique would also increase availability. Now restricted due to the fear of introducing a failed...
Electrical impedance scanning (EIS) is a new adjunctive diagnostic method for women breast cancer examination. In clinic research, we found some influencing factors which can induce a bad EIS imaging results. In order to analyze the influencing factors on EIS imaging and find the solutions, we set up an EIS workbench which can simulate the influencing factors that may happen in a clinic. We studied...
The authors present a review of tallying processes with non-Boltzmann tallies under Monte Carlo simulations. A comparison between different pulse and energy pulse height tallies has been done with MCNP5 code and PENEASY, a user-friendly version of PENELOPE code. Several simulations have been done for estimating the pulse and energy deposited spectra in a polymethyl-methacrilate (PMMA) phantom used...
Masses due to benign breast diseases and tumors due to breast cancer present significantly different shapes on mammograms. In general, malignant tumors appear with rough and complex boundaries or contours, whereas benign masses present smooth, round, or oval contours. Fractal analysis may be used to derive shape features to perform pattern classification of breast masses and tumors. Several procedures...
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