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DC/AC microgrid is independent control grid form of integrate distributed energy systems with utility powers systems; will powerfully understand the value and profit of the distributed energy resources. In this paper, the AC/DC micro-grid mostly contains of six parts: a solar source (P V source), Wind source, a Boost converter, BESS, a Buck-Boost converter (bidirectional), and a bi-directional DC/AC...
Strict regulation on emissions of air pollutants imposed by the maritime authorities has led to the introduction of hybrid microgrids to the shipboard power systems (SPSs) which acts toward energy efficient ships with less pollution. A hybrid energy system can include different means of generation such as renewables (e.g., solar PV, wind power) and conventionals (e.g., diesel engines) as well as energy...
In this paper, we propose an optimization methodology to find the optimal topology for the data communication network in distributed frequency control of power system. In order to implement a distributed cooperative control scheme, local controllers often share their data over a data communication network. Structure of this network has a major role in determining stability of secondary cooperative...
This paper proposes a stochastic programming approach based on Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) to measure the impact of prediction errors brought about by the renewable energy and load on DC-linked multi-microgrids coalition in the distribution network so that the system scheduling operator can achieve the lowest day-ahead scheduling cost at a certain risk. Due to the prediction errors of the renewable...
Microgrids rely on energy management levels to optimally schedule their components. Conventionally, the research in this field has been focused on the optimal formulation of the generation or the demand side management separately without considering real case scenarios and validated only by simulation. This paper presents the power scheduling of a real site microgrid under a price-based demand response...
In cascaded-type microgrid, the synchronization and power sharing of distributed generators (DGs) become two new issues that needs to be addressed urgently. In this paper, a unified droop control is proposed and its stability is analyzed in the islanded mode. The proposed scheme can ensure the system stability and accurate power sharing without communication in four-quadrant operations. Finally, simulation...
In an islanded microgrid, harmonic current is controlled (or shared) by modifying the effective impedance in the path of harmonic current. This effective impedance includes line impedance and the internal impedance of the generation unit. Reported works consider the aforementioned impedances as separate entities and their combined effect in harmonic current flow has not been discussed so far. This...
An energy management system of a microgrid (MG) has several basic objectives; e.g. to maximize the utilization of renewable energy resources (RES), to protect the internal components from overloading, and to ensure that the MG operates reliably under any operating conditions. Although many control techniques are available in the literature to monitor and control the energy flows among distributed...
The voltage source inverters operating in islanded microgrid are used as sources of power similar to synchronous generators (SG) in conventional power system. Unlike synchronous generators, these inverters neither have a natural droop (P-f and Q-V) characteristics nor rotational inertia. The electrical time constant is much lesser than mechanical time constant and hence the load changes will show...
This paper investigates the effects of unintended island operation mode on parallel inverters' performance for microgrid applications. In the grid-connected mode, each inverter has a different power set point. The power flows between the inverters and the grid. In the islanding mode, the power flows inherently from the inverter that has higher set point power to the inverter has lower one leading...
An advanced Frequency-Based energy Management (FBM) suitable for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESSs) in Microgrids (MGs) is presented in this paper. The HESS is made up of Batteries (B) and Supercapacitors (S) and it has to provide both peak shaving and power quality. A frequency-based power split criterion is introduced, namely the B power profile is synthesized through an appropriate low-pass...
Recently, DC distribution has been more and more considered in shipbuilding industry as an emerging solution due to its potential to enhance the system performance in terms of fuel economy, reliability, volume and weight. Moreover, there is a growing trend to integrate alternative power sources (APSs) and energy storage systems (ESSs) into next-generation ships, and thus reducing cost and emission...
With the widespread use of smart appliances in the residential area, the load side of the microgrid is becoming more and more flexible. As we all know, the renewable energy generation is usually uncontrollable, so how to dispatch the controllable generation devices, storage system and flexible loads to guarantee the safe and economical operation of the microgrid is a very important problem to be solved...
This paper develops a distributed cooperative control scheme for DC microgrids with time-varying coupling delays in noisy environments. The proposed distributed cooperative control, consisting of distributed primary control and secondary control, will regulate the voltage of microgrids to the desired values and through a sparse communication network with asymmetric communication delays and noise disturbances...
This paper presents a multi-agent (MAS) solution to the energy management in microgrid. An introduction and analysis of the system, including the structure of microgrid, characteristics of MAS and the potential game theory, are presented firstly. Then, micro models of agents for each component are proposed. The MAS is shown of having attributes of distribution, heterogeneity, autonomous, dynamism...
Increased proliferation of the renewable energy sources (RES) brings more power electronic devices to the power distribution. Modularity on the converter level is one of the key concepts enabling flexibility, scalability and high availability of the new solutions for the distribution networks(e.g. for low voltage DC). To understand the trends and performance trade-offs it is important to describe...
Fault current limiters (FCLs) are one class of solutions to cope with the upcoming challenges in microgrid protection. Considering high penetration of distributed generations (DGs) in microgrids, the necessity of designing cheap and effective FCL is getting higher. This paper attempts to fill this gap by proposing an embedded FCL operating based on modifying the secondary control of DGs. As this method...
This paper proposes a novel universal control for multi-bus AC microgrid with the capability to operate in both grid-connected (GC) and islanded (IS) modes. The control scheme is based on distributed manner, and the leader-follower consensus protocol is designed. Only few leader distributed generators (DGs) receive the correction signals from the unified mode controller, which is installed at the...
This paper proposes a power sharing scheme for an Islanded DC microgrid with hybrid energy storage system (HESS). HESS comprises of battery and supercapacitor (SC), where the usage of supercapacitor reduces the current stresses on the battery. This scheme reduces the losses in the HESS interfacing converters along with State of Charge (SOC) balancing. To maintain a constant DC link voltage a DC link...
This paper presents a comprehensive overview of power converters and their control techniques for AC microgrids. The aim is to give an insight and direction for researchers and applications on promising topologies, control, and application within future smart grid. The paper first focuses on presenting various power converter topologies used in AC microgrids. Then, suitable control techniques for...
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