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Plasmons — the collective electron excitations in conducting materials-provide interesting research avenues into fundamental phenomena. They are also instrumental in applications to ultrasensitive optical detection, biosensing, spectral photometry, light harvesting, photocatalysis, quantum optics, nonlinear photonics, and metamaterials. Recent developments in this field focus on the consequences of...
Optical logic down to the single photon level holds the promise of data processing with a better energy efficiency than electronic devices [1]. In addition, preservation of quantum coherence in such logical components would enable optical quantum logical gates [2-8]. Optical logic requires optical non-linearities to allow for photon-photon interactions. Non-linearities usually appear for large intensities,...
High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in clusters (instead of separate gas atoms) is of high promise due to expanded options for quasi-phase matching and because clusters appeared to offer an increased optical nonlinearity [1]. To verify the latter, we investigate HHG from noble gas clusters in a supersonic gas jet. To identify a possible dependence of HHG on the average cluster size, we change the...
Nowadays, cold atom-based quantum sensors such as atom interferometers are leaving the optical labs [1, 2], thus allowing fundamental physics to be tested in space. The use of different quantum objects such as Potassium (K) and Rubidium (Rb) ultra-cold quantum gases enables tests of the Universality of Free Fall (UFF) [1-4]. While narrow linewidth lasers emitting at 767 nm and 780 nm are used to build...
In a typical quantum repeater scenario, remote quantum memories have to be interconnected by flying qubits transmitted in quantum channels. e.g. single photons in photonic fiber links. To establish long-distance communication, photons in the low-loss telecom wavlength regime are desirable. However, the majority of the candidates for quantum memories such as trapped atoms or ions, rare earth ensembles,...
High-harmonic generation (HHG) is an extreme nonlinear optical phenomenon that is traditionally realized by driving atomic gases with intense ultrashort optical pulses, and usually relies on bulky laser amplification schemes to reach the enormous requisite electric field intensities. The realization of efficient HHG in solid-state systems is anticipated to pave the way for compact ultraviolet and...
Many applications today require stable optical frequency references, such as fully-stabilized optical frequency combs (OFCs), continuous-wave (cw) lasers referenced to high-finesse optical resonators or to various types of atomic/molecular transitions. Feedback loops are used for this purpose, in particular phase-locked loops (PLL). For example, a cw laser diode can be phase-locked to an optical mode...
Light-matter interactions are the fundamental basis for many phenomena and processes in optical devices. Whispering-Gallery-Mode (WGM) optical resonators trap light in a manner similar to a phenomenon found in the gallery spaces of St. Paul's Cathedral dome in London, where a single whisper (i.e., a sound wave) can be heard along the circular boundary of the architecture. Ultra-high-quality WGM optical...
New capabilities at accelerator-based and laser-based sources are continuously being developed, being possible to nowadays generate two-color XUV/x-ray pulses with controlled time delay. In the optical regime, in which lasers have achieved a high-degree of spatio-temporal coherence several decades ago, we find many control techniques for atoms and molecules based on coherence. The novel two-color...
We demonstrate detection of radio-frequency fields and arbitrarily-shaped radio-frequency waveform components beyond the projection noise limit (PNL). Our work employs a measure-evolve-measure (MEM) sequence, in which a first stroboscopic quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement M1 produces a state with reduced projection noise, a period of free evolution accumulates signal, and a second stroboscopic...
A quantum optical memory (QM) is a device that can store and release quantum states of light on demand. Such a device is capable of synchronising probabilistic events, for example, locally synchronising non-deterministic photon sources for the generation of multi-photon states, or successful quantum gate operations within a quantum computational architecture [1], as well as for globally synchronising...
Energy-efficient, ultrafast, bistable systems operating at ambient temperature are the cores of modern information processing devices based on electronics and optics [1]. Graphene, single atomic layer of carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal lattice, is now considered to possess strong nonlinear optical properties, due to its massless Dirac-fermionic feature [2, 3]. Furthermore, recent theoretical studies...
Plasmons-the collective oscillations of electrons in conducting materials-play a pivotal role in nanophotonics because of their ability to couple electronic and photonic degrees of freedom. In particular, plasmons in graphene-the atomically thin carbon material-offer strong spatial confinement and long lifetimes, accompanied by extraordinary optoelectronic properties derived from its peculiar electronic...
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