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Laser ablation is frequently used in the industry in cutting and drilling processes of materials. During these processes, nanoparticles are produced in the air as byproducts [1]. Since these nanoparticles will accumulate in the environment, the workers in that place are exposed to those nanoparticles. It was shown that when animals are exposed to nanoparticles via inhalation, nanoparticles enter systemic...
Since some pathologies, such as cardiovascular or tumour diseases, have become some of the main causes of morbidity worldwide, a huge interest in the development of preclinical devices for their study has aroused during the past years. Their fabrication is a key factor for the study of these illnesses and it is directly linked with their pathological knowledge, early diagnosis and improvement of treatment.
Laser-induced formation of surface nanostructures is known for a long time. Responsible mechanisms, however, aie not completely understood. Early explanations were based on surface electromagnetic waves [1]. Alternative models were focused on self-organization of non-equilibrium surfaces via nonlinear feedback and material transport [2]. Investigations on volume structures in fused silica and glass...
Currently lasers are perceived as unique light that can produce specific states of matter through selective manipulations that could not be realized using any other conventional incoherent addition of thermal or electronic energy to a system. Although the selective laser chemistry is still a dream, the selective control of material processing done by optimization of laser intensity, as well as the...
Surface nano- and microstructuring with additive and subtractive lithography techniques are commonly used in nanotechnology and photonics, while nanoimprint lithography and nanosphere lithography are used for creating periodic structures for plasmonics applications. Single step, maskless optical patterning techniques also exist, notably multi-beam interference based techniques and Laser Induced Periodic...
Few-cycle femtosecond pulses (∼10 fs) have proven their interest in highly-controlled interaction with dielectric materials [1]. For efficient single-shot ablation, intensities exceeding 1014 W/cm2 at the target surface are required. However, for such intensities, working in air ambience rapidly yields significant nonlinear spatial distortion of the beam in the pre-focal region, or even air ionization,...
Femtosecond (fs) laser pulse sources have become increasingly popular in the last decade as a result of their practical features, such as insensitivity to environmental variations, versatile designs, high power outputs. However, much of the progress is with non-integrated specialty fibers, which involve some compromise on these practical features. Monolithic fiber chirped pulse amplification (CPA)...
Ultrashort pulse laser ablation is a useful tool in material processing and biomedical fields [1]. A key challenge to expanding the applications of laser ablation is delivering high peak power, ultrashort laser pulses beyond the reach of conventional microscope objectives. Optical fiber endoscopes are widely used to guide light in confined spaces. However, the endoscopic delivery of a focused ultrashort...
Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAL) is a flexible technique for synthesis of nanoparticles of various materials, in particular of noble metals [1]. Despite of the widespread use of this method, processes involved in PLAL are still poorly understood. The presence of the liquid makes the PLAL process much more complicated as compared to conventional ablation in vacuum or in an ambient gas. The poor...
Nowadays, multimodal diagnosis by combining several imaging techniques, such as mammography, magnetic resonance imaging and computed X-ray tomography is playing a leading role in the diagnosis of breast cancer. [1] However clinical application of this multimodal approach is still problematic due the lack of appropriate commercial contrast agents showing capabilities to distinguish between malignant...
Blister-actuated laser-induced forward transfer (BA-LIFT) is a high-resolution printing technique that has been developed to print sensitive inks [1]. In this technique, a laser beam is focused on a polymer layer that is coated on a transparent substrate. The laser pulse is absorbed by the polymer, and the absorption of the laser pulse leads to the ablation of the polymer layer. The ablated polymer...
Nowadays, solar volumetric absorbers represent a promising alternative to harvest solar radiation. In these devices, the traditional blackened surface where solar radiation is converted into heat and later transferred to a heat transfer fluid is removed. Then, the solar radiation is trapped by direct volumetric absorption on the carrier fluid itself. This reduces the radiative losses and improves...
In solar-panel, machine tool and automotive industry many ablation or surface treatment applications are realized most efficiently with short-pulse lasers. In order to further increase productivity there is a huge demand for lasers with higher power than currently available, in both single-mode- and multi-mode-operation. Short-pulse fiber lasers with fiber beam delivery down to the workpiece are smart...
The usage of fiber optical probes for medical treatment gives an opportunity for minimally invasive surgery applications, as they possess a smaller size and efficiently transmit the laser light with different shapes and directions by manipulating their deflector's geometry. Different deflector designs have been proposed and several types are currently used for tissue ablation. One of the most popular...
Yttria stabilised zirconium oxide (YSZ) is a very important class of ceramic with unique mechanical and electrochemical properties. For this reason, YSZ is been widely used in oxygen sensors and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Among the different SOFC configurations, the electrolyte-supported one exhibits better mechanical robustness and resistance to redox cycles than the electrode-supported configuration...
Studies of femtosecond laser ablation are motivated both by its applications in micromachining and by the need to understand optical damage by intense femtosecond laser pulses. Virtually all of the prior studies have been conducted for the cases in which the ablating laser pulse strikes the surface of the material at normal angle of incidence (AOI). However, in practice, many if not most optical elements...
Nanocomposites formed by graphene and metal nanoparticles (MNPs) are considered to become one of the most important technological advances due to their wide application range, as it is possible to exploit the combination of electronic characteristics in graphene and optical characteristics in metallic nanostructures [1]. Conventionally, the in-situ synthesis of these kind of nanocomposites is achieved...
In this contribution we experimentally demonstrated femtosecond laser micro-processing of large arbitrary-shaped irradiance patterns in silicon without sample or beam scanning. This is mainly accomplished by carrying out spatial and temporal shaping of femtosecond pulses with the help of a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM, PLUTO-NIR-II), and an acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter (Dazzler...
With the maturing of laser technologies, laser processing is presenting itself as an attractive alternative to traditional machining techniques due to its free-form, non-contact nature. It is believed to be especially relevant for hard and brittle materials, such as sapphire. However, due to the complex nature of the physical processes involved, especially for transparent materials, optimization of...
Ultrashort pulsed lasers offer a high potential for precise and efficient material processing. Thus, the fundamental understanding of the laser-material interaction aspects is of great importance. The reflectivity and absorption of material experience significant changes during and after being irradiated by an ultrashort laser pulse. These changes influence decisively the laser-material interaction...
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