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Saturable absorption (SA) is an inherent property of photonic materials that manifests itself as an absorption quenching at high light intensities and is a key element for passive mode-locking (PML) in laser cavities, where continuous waves break into a train of ultrashort optical pulses. Currently, state-of-the-art semiconductor-based SA mirrors are routinely employed for PML lasers. However, these...
Energy-efficient, ultrafast, bistable systems operating at ambient temperature are the cores of modern information processing devices based on electronics and optics [1]. Graphene, single atomic layer of carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal lattice, is now considered to possess strong nonlinear optical properties, due to its massless Dirac-fermionic feature [2, 3]. Furthermore, recent theoretical studies...
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