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The fronthaul between the Central Office, hosting the BBU pool, and the different located RRUs in a C-RAN has been based mainly on dedicated fibre links or, more recently, on dedicated lightpaths over a fibre network. A more cost effective solution is to deploy the C-RAN fronthaul based on Ethernet technologies but such solutions must be carefully investigated due to the very demanding latency and...
This paper compares the performance of traditional priority-based queuing regimes with a time-aware shaping scheduler in an Ethernet fronthaul. Different use-cases are considered for the high and low priority traffic generation, which are made to represent precision-time protocol traffic and traffic originating from different LTE functional subdivisions (function splits) respectively. It is shown...
A real-time transport of fronthaul over a mix of analog and digital RoF is experimentally investigated. The obtained results show that up to 24 LTE channels can be transported with respect to the 3GPP requirements concerning EVM.
Cloud RAN has been regarded as a promising architecture for 5G mobile networks in terms of combination of implementing the very tight radio coordination schemes and sharing baseband processing and cooling system resources. However, the high capacity and stringent delay requirement for the fronthaul, the segment of the network between Baseband Units (BBU) and Remote Radio Heads (RRH) is one of the...
Recently it has been demonstrated that pulse width modulation (PWM) can represent a viable solution for the analog optical fronthaul alternative to standard radio over fibre, which still avoids the bandwidth expansion of the digital fronthaul. The PWM encodes the analog samples at the transmitter onto the duration of the on/off keyed optical signal, splitting the sampling and quantization of the radio...
The EU FP7 ERMES project focused on the development of a wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network (WDM PON) colourless self-tuning transmitter based on reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers (RSOAs) self-seeding. These transmitters represent low cost solutions to achieve self-organized wavelength access networks. The EU ERMES project developed self-tuning transmitters both in the...
Standardization bodies such as IEEE and 3GPP, as well as other interest groups, are in the process of defining and standardizing different functional subdivisions within mobile network base stations, primarily to reduce the data rate requirements imposed on the transport architecture by 4th and 5th generation mobile systems. Ethernet is considered the leading candidate for the transport architecture...
In flexible functional split, functions of a virtualized evolved NodeB (eNB) can be disaggregated in distributed computational resources. One of the main constraints for their placement is the latency experienced by the communication between the Virtual Machines (VM) hosting the functions. This paper evaluates experimentally the latency limits for different functional splits providing insights on...
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