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We have reported a prototype of wireless sensor node with ultra-low power consumption which has promising application on the temperature monitoring in central air conditioning system. Air-flow driven nanogenerators are utilized to harvest electric energy directly from the wind tunnel in a building. Using a microcontroller unit with event-driven strategy, the wireless sensor nodes can send out a temperature...
This paper reports on a simple method to track water transport inside the plant by using multiple graphene oxide (GO) based relative humidity sensors. The sensor was formed on an adhesive polyimide film by selectively coating a GO layer on top of gold interdigitated electrodes and subsequently peeling the whole device structure off from a pre-coated polydimethylsiloxane temporary layer. To allow easy...
Immunofluorescence is widely used in detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The process of immunofluorescence staining on cells needs centrifugal force to wash residual fluorescence, which is not only time consuming but also cells harmful. To speed up the staining process, a three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic device is employed in this work. This study also reports the...
Compact and robust electrostatic discharging (ESD) protection structures are critical to on-chip ESD protection for ICs. Conventional in-Si ESD protection structures have many disadvantages. A new above-IC graphene NEMS (gNEMS) switch is reported as an ESD protection structure, which features almost zero leakage and robust ESD protection. A systematic characterization of gNEMS ESD structures was conducted...
FET devices are extensively used for sensors, including gas sensors and biosensors. In contrast to traditional resistive devices, FET has transconductance gain, which can significantly improve the S/N ratio. Recently, more applications in biosensors combine microfluidic channels and FET system. In FET-based biosensors, the wafer manufacturing process always requires a lot of cost, and it is used for...
In proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells (PEMECs), the oxygen generated at the anode side by electrochemical reactions is forced out of cells through the micro channels and liquid/gas diffusion layer, meanwhile, the water flows through the same pathways to reach the reaction sites in an opposite direction, during this process, the complex two-phase counter flow is formed. The two-phase transport...
The thickness of thin liquid film underneath a bubble in a microchannel is important for the bubble evolution and heat transfer studies. A minimized sensor matrix based on conductance measurements and fabricated with standard photolithography technology was developed to measure the liquid film thickness underneath a gas slug directly and dynamically. This sensor matrix was made up of 5 × 5 electrode...
Special chip designed and fabrication thermal bubble droplet generation of biological DNA gene given in quantitative systems. It is transferred sprayed onto glass slides. Addressed liquid crystal sheet structure chosen spray chamber, which is the principle of the use of ink-jet technology to DNA liquid fabric placed on a glass slide, followed by DNA sequencing of each style. Special chip design thermal...
We report an electro-thermally tunable in-plane doubly-clamped nanoelectromechanical resonator capable of dynamically performing NOR, NOT, XNOR, XOR, and AND logic operations. Toward this, a silicon based resonator is fabricated using standard e-beam lithography and surface nanomachining of a highly conductive device layer of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. The performance of this logic device...
We report on the development of an enhanced and robust microfluidic plant chip-based growth and monitoring system for high-throughput phenotyping of Arabidopsis thaliana. The system consists of multiple vertical plant chips, a microfluidic hormone concentration gradient generator, multiple simple gravity pumps, and a robotic arm with a stereoscope for plant imaging. We validate this system by phenotyping...
Eight opto-thermocapillary flow-addressed bubble (OFB) microrobots were independently actuated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) in an open reservoir. The bubble microrobots were nucleated using opto-thermal heating of the fluid medium and independently controlled by a computer-generated holographic (CGH) control system. Independent actuation of multiple microrobots in PBS solution demonstrates the...
This paper reports on utilizing a hydrogel for surface immobilization of various reagents in a microfluidic dielectric sensor for blood coagulation monitoring. The top inner surface of the microfluidic sensor is coated with either pure or bio-active polyethylene glycol (PEG), which is immobilized by photo-crosslinking using ultraviolet (UV) light. The coagulation time of healthy human whole blood...
In this research, we propose a novel MEMS sensor based on Laterally Movable Gate Array Field Effect Transistor (LMGAFET) for the measurement of nN force. By designing an array structure and adopting reasonable parameters and utilizing modified MOS3 model, the sensor's proved to have high sensitivity of 0.107 mA/nN, low cross-axis sensitivity and excellent linearity. Besides, a modified MOS3 model...
In this study, we design and fabricate a PMMA-based mini-direct methanol fuel cell. This device consists of commercial membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and PMMA-based fuel channels. Different proportion of commercial catalyst and ionomer (Nafion®) is tested by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in order to optimize the activation performance. The structure of PMMA-based fuel channels are manufactured by Computer...
One of the challenges in IVF treatment is to improve the pregnancy rate of selective single embryo implantation. The concentration of IL-1β in embryo culture medium may help to predict pregnancy rate. Clinically, each embryo can only get small amount of sample size. However, the traditional immunoassay cannot detect biomarkers in such small sample sizes. Therefore, we combined immunoassay with the...
The shrinking size of microelectrodes leads to high electrode/tissue interfacial impedance and low charge injection ability. In order to achieve safe, efficient and durable electrode performances, we proposed a layer-by-layer electrodeposition method to modify the bare platinum microelectrodes with nanostructures. Combining the advantages of platinum gray (Pt gray) with iridium oxide (IrOx), herein...
Changes in flow shear stress are sensed by cell membrane receptors transferring to intracellular area that lead to physical and chemical alterations. This process is defined as mechonatransduction process that is essential for maintaining the development of cells and tissues. Vascular endothelial cells and blood cells in circulation subjected to shear stress on different levels in different regions...
This paper presents a robust triangular-electrode based (TEB) capacitive detection method for MEMS gyroscopes. The TEB method utilizes the inherent nonlinearity of TEB variable-area sense capacitor to measure the amplitude and the phase of mechanical motion, and the derived amplitude and phase are independent of such system parameters as the carrier voltage, the nominal sense capacitance, the gain...
This paper presents a tilt sensor using two orthogonally arranged micro accelerometers. The arctangent function arctan(a2/a1) instead of the traditional arcsine function arcsin(a2/g) or arcsin(a1/g) is used to solve for the tilt angle. As a result, the tilt angle measurement is kept in the maximum value with a constant sensitivity (17.45 mg per degree) in the full measurement range.
This paper presents a novel method to fabricate temperature sensor arrays by screen printing Graphene - Nickel (Ni) nanocomposite film on flexible printed circuit board (PCB). Screen printing is a cost effective fabrication technique to get uniform thickness film on a substrate. The fabricated temperature sensor array, each having sensing thickness of around 50 µm is studied for the temperature response...
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