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Compact and low-cost antenna arrays with beam-steering or beam-switching are needed for emerging millimeter-wave communication systems such as 5G and WLAN at the 60 GHz frequency band. The design, manufacturing and measurement results for a 60 GHz beam-switching Rotman lens integrated with a 4×8 patch antenna array are presented. Active versions with integrated amplifiers are also developed. The presented...
The paper presents a novel concept of the integrated lens antenna (ILA) that includes multiple feeds and provides continuous scanning without gain degradation in the given scanning sector. Each feed includes its own RF mixing stage and a radiating element mounted on the lens back focal surface. By having multiple-RF circuits, the distribution network is moved from the millimeter-wave front-end as...
A phased array lens has limited bandwidth due to the phase shifters that collimate and scan the beam. A wideband signal requires time delay units in place of phase shifters. This paper investigates the feasibility of implementing time-delay units in array lens antennas. Time-delay compensation mechanisms for array lens antennas are outlined and investigations are carried to determine the required...
In this paper, by using the Theory of characteristic modes (TCM), we analyze the effect of Inductive Coupled Elements (ICE's) used for the excitation of Characteristic Modes (CM) on antenna chassis. ICE's are used in sets to excite chassis modes and are placed at current maximas of the desired modes. Using TCM analysis, it was found that the introduction of such ICEs significantly affect the CM of...
In this paper we present the design of an antenna, operating in the Ku-band, conceived for wireless power transfer systems. It comprises an hemispherical dielectric lens, fabricated using 3D printing technology, fed by a microstrip patch antenna array. The conjugation of the dielectric lens with the microstrip patch array allows the development of a compact high gain antenna. The antenna presents...
A gradient index lens is designed by utilizing quasi-conformal transformation electromagnetics (QCTEM) to define the index distribution in a rotationally symmetric lens. The smooth and continuous nature of QCTEM is investigated and an analytical surrogate model is trained to replace the computationally intensive QCTEM procedure and ray trace simulations. The surrogate model is then incorporated into...
This paper presents a microwave planar lens formed by a multilevel frequency selective surface (FSS) aimed at increasing the gain of a radially-corrugated horn antenna. The FSS is formed by three layers of square loops with open stubs. The phase compensation is achieved by shifting the resonant frequency of the unit cell. To do so, only the length of the stubs is suitably adjusted, leaving the rest...
This paper presents an all-metal parallel plate waveguide (PPW) Luneburg lens designed using an array of subwavelength Fakir bed of nails unit-cells. Variation of the metal post height and PPW-spacing modulates the effective refractive index. The lens operates in the Ku-band of frequencies, with more than 40% bandwidth, in a quasi-TEM mode. Broadband and low loss, with high directivity and wide field-of-view,...
A metasurface which has glide symmetry in two orthogonal directions is shown here as the building block for the design of surface wave lenses. This metasurface is shown to have reduced frequency dispersion when compared to a similar structure with reflection symmetry only. This work has the potential to create graded index lenses, with a high mode-index contrast, for use in surface wave antenna applications.
Flexible antennas in radar applications enable the user to go around obstacles or detect targets at hidden places. In this paper, two elliptical lenses of different size made of high density polyethylene and stacked on a flexible dielectric waveguide are designed and measured from 140 GHz to 180 GHz. The feeding dielectric waveguide and the mode transition from metallic waveguide to dielectric waveguide...
In this paper different possibilities for an in-antenna power-combining approach are investigated. The radiation is based on the principle of an integrated lens antenna (ILA), where the primary radiator consists of a slot antenna with two or more excitation elements. The output power of parallel amplifiers can be directly combined in the primary radiator itself without any additional combiner network...
A sub-millimeter quasi-spiral antenna based on a modified Fresnel Zone Plate Lens (FZPL) for the IR range is proposed. The design is part of an integrated receiver, which consists of a Si (silicon) slab where two detector configurations will be printed working at infrared (IR) and sub-millimeter range simultaneously. Various modifications of spiral antennas are evaluated to act as a sub-millimeter...
This paper describes the design, fabrication and characterization of a 42 GHz compact lens antenna integrated in a backhaul terminal radome. The proposed lens concept relies on the use of hybrid design that mixes a single refractive bulk zone and dielectric structured zones. This allows overcoming usual Fresnel lens efficiency limitations occurring in compact configurations. The antenna is composed...
A new topology of high-gain fixed-beam substrate-integrated planar antenna for packaged millimeter-wave transceiver modules is presented. It is based on a discrete planar lens antenna integrated on a thick dielectric substrate and illuminated by a focal source antenna placed on the opposite face of the substrate. The main objective of this architecture is to significantly enhance the integration of...
We demonstrate a compact design for enhancing the 3dB beamwidth of a 60 GHz single-chip millimeter-wave frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar with integrated on-chip antennas. We use thin (Xfreespace/5) dielectric periodic lenses on top of the epoxy cover of the single-chip radar to change the effective material properties of the epoxy, which changes the field distribution and hence the...
A wideband mechanical beam steering lens antenna was proposed in this paper. Referring to the operating principle of Risley beam steering system, a fixed beam array antenna was utilized to excite the dielectric wedge lens at Ku-band. By controlling the relative rotation between the feed and the lens, the whole antenna system can scan to ±50° in all directions. The whole profile was integrated to minimum...
This paper presents the description and analysis of a continuous parallel plate waveguide (PPW) lens-like beamformer. The main design parameters of the continuous delay lens are defined starting from an ideal bifocal constrained lens. A dedicated ray tracing analysis tool is developed to better describe propagation effects in the delay lens and provide more insight on phase aberrations versus pointing...
In this study to show that the paraffin-based lens can handle high frequencies for metamaterial characterization, two dielectric lenses are fabricated using a molding process for the frequency range from 10 to 18 GHz. The fabricated lenses guarantee low cost and ease of implementation compared to the other machining and material methods. To verify the proposed lens performance, two similar paraffin...
This paper shows how a set of metallic rings can be used as a planar lens to increase the directivity of a single open waveguide. The goal of this antenna is to obtain a high gain over a wide bandwidth, while maintaining a compact size. In order to obtain a physical insight of the radiating behavior, an analysis of the characteristic modes in the metallic ring of the elementary antenna is performed...
This paper presents a novel circularly polarised Ku-band multiple beam antenna based on a quasi-optical beamformer and a wideband reflection polarizer conformally deployed along a cylindrical parabolic reflector for satellite applications. By virtue of the wide scanning capability of the beamformer and the wide band and angularly stable response of the curved polarising reflector we demonstrate multibeam...
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