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At the horizon 2020, 2-D ocean wave measurements from 4 different satellites will be available. It will be a world first. Anticipating the large number of available data and the specificity of each sensor, we will have to define new methodologies to combine all different observations. This will offer new opportunities to describe ocean waves at global scale with improved time-space resolutions and...
We investigate the Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) measurements collected by the Space GNSS Receiver-Remote Sensing Instrument (SGR-ReSI) on board the TechDemoSat-1 (TDS-1) satellite. The sensitivity of the SGR-ReSI measurements to the ocean surface winds and waves are characterized. The effects of sea surface temperature, wind direction, and rain are also investigated. The...
The Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) installed on the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) core satellite was developed by JAXA and NICT. This paper describes mission objectives, technical performance, resource allocation, ground test results, orbital check out results and orbital operation status of the DPR. The DPR system PFT has completed in February 2012. GPM core spacecraft satellite...
In June 2015 the TRMM satellite came to its end. The 17+ year of mission data that it provided has proven a valuable asset to a variety of science communities. This 17+ year data set does not, however, stagnate with the end of the mission itself. NASA/JAXA intend to integrate the TRMM data set into the data suite of the GPM mission. This will ensure the creation of a consistent, intercalibrated, accurate...
This paper describes the rain gauge adjusted algorithm for the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP_Gauge_NRT) that estimates the surface rainfall rate with the resolution of 0.1 degree and 1 hour resolution over the globe in near realtime. Precipitation is one of the most important parameters on the earth system, and the global distribution of precipitation and its change are essential...
TRUTHS (Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial-and Helio- Studies) is a proposed small satellite mission to enable a space-based climate observing system capable of delivering data of the quality needed to provide the information needed by policy makers to make robust mitigation and adaptation decisions. This is achieved by embedding trust and confidence in the data and derived information...
The synthetic aperture Altimeter (SARA) introduces synthetic aperture processing into the conventional radar altimeter (CRA) in the along-track dimension, so both the spatial resolution and precision of SARA are improved. The sub-looks alignment is a key technique in the SARA data processing. In this paper, a method for sub-looks alignment is proposed to correct the varieties of the satellite orbit...
Surface albedo is a critical variable in the Earth's energy balance. To evaluate the quality of albedo retrieved from satellite data is crucial. In this study, the direct comparison was carried out to assess the 5-day albedo product retrieved from the Multi-sensor Combined BRDF Inversion (MCBI) model. Different land covers, such as, grassland, deciduous and coniferous forests are considered in the...
Data synergy or fusion is a mechanism whereby discrete types of data are used together to achieve a better understanding than was possible with each individually. Spanning over 30% of the Earth's landmass, the global forest plays a significant role in numerous planetary systems; the carbon cycle included. The objective of this paper is to couple simulated forest stands with measured datasets from...
The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite was boosted from 350 km to 402.5 km to conserve its fuel keeping the altitude. As a result, the quality of the Precipitation Radar (PR) data slightly changed and, a mismatch of PR's beam between the transmission and reception antennas happened. Although latest version (V7) of PR's level-1 algorithm is corrected by a method, some systematic error...
Water is essential to our planet Earth. Knowing when, where and how precipitation falls is crucial for understanding the linkages between the Earth's water and energy cycles and is extraordinarily important for sustaining life on our planet during climate change. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory spacecraft launched February 27, 2014, is the anchor to the GPM international...
Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission's core satellite has been collecting precipitation data from space for more than a year. This paper reviews the performance of precipitation retrieval algorithm and evaluates the rainfall rates estimated with the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) onboard the GPM's core satellite. Differences between the rain estimates with TRMM's Precipitation...
This work evaluates the performance of OCO (Orbiting Carbon Observatory) −2 on global observations since its launch in Sep 2014. It is 10%∼30% coverage that could be detected to obtain the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide in space dimension. However, about 65% data of OCO-2 has not be utilized to retrieve because of special atmospheric environment, such as thick aerosol depth and low pressure...
This study will explore the feasibility of TanDEM-X interferometric observations in tidal flats. The bi- and monostatic modes of TanDEM-X give us the great possibility for interferometric SAR (InSAR) technique to generate highly accurate intertidal DEM due to no time lag (bistatic case) or approximately 10-second temporal baseline (monostatic case) between master and slave SAR image acquisitions....
This paper evaluates the applicability and achievable SAR accuracy for octahedrons - a combination of eight corner reflectors with a common phase centre. In an experiment at the observatory in Wettzell from July to November 2015 these cost-efficient and mobile radar targets were measured with TerraSAR-X Staring Spotlight and High-Resolution Spotlight. Applying the geodetic stereo SAR concept, octahedrons...
So far, the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) and the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) are the only two missions designed to measure the column-averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction (XCO2). To improve our understanding of global carbon source and sink, these two XCO2 products are compared in this study. The result reveals that the OCO-2 XCO2 product show the wider spatial coverage than...
This study compares the NASA Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) satellite precipitation product with the satellite radar-based GPM Ku-Ka 2ADPR product across the contiguous United States (CONUS) at 0.1° and half-hourly resolution. Results are shown in terms of performance and Taylor's diagrams, which provide a concise description of several validation metrics. The dependence of...
Small satellites are now, more than ever, being utilized as viable space craft to perform measurements for the science and commercial sector. Shrinking budgets have placed an emphasis on low cost missions, and the technology is now available for these small mass and volume platforms. Specifically, the cost of accessing space continues to fall, with dedicated launch vehicles now being developed that...
The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) missions can estimate the ice mass changes in Greenland. The GRACE monthly time-varying gravity filed solution can be used to infer the redistribution of temporal redistribution with a limited spatial resolution of 300–500 km, while the ICESat measurements can estimate the elevation variations...
Retrievals of falling snow from space represent an important data set for understanding the Earth's atmospheric, hydrological, and energy cycles, especially during climate change. Estimates of falling snow must be captured to obtain the true global precipitation water cycle, snowfall accumulations are required for hydrological studies, and without knowledge of the frozen particles in clouds one cannot...
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