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For the chronic application of neural prostheses long-term stable microelectrodes for electrical stimulation are essential. In recent years many developments were done to investigate different appropriate materials for these electrodes. One of these materials is the electrical conductive polymer PEDOT, which has low impedance and high charge injection capacity. However, the long-term stability of...
Novel carbon/salt adhesive (CSA) electrodes have been found suitable for collecting electrodermal activity (EDA) signals. Ag/AgCl electrodes are considered the standard for collecting EDA signals, because it highly avoids electrodes' polarization. Ag is an expensive commodity. Furthermore, a hydrogel layer is needed for the Ag/AgCl electrodes to collect EDA signals. Adding hydrogel to the electrodes...
Development of a neural interface that can be implanted without risky, open brain surgery will increase the safety and viability of chronic neural recording arrays. We have developed a minimally invasive surgical procedure and an endovascular electrode-array that can be delivered to overlie the cortex through blood vessels. Here, we describe feasibility of the endovascular interface through electrode...
The need of continuous real-time monitoring device for in-vivo drug level detection has been widely articulated lately. Such monitoring could guide drug posology and timing of intake, detect low or high drug levels, in order to take adequate measures, and give clinicians a valuable window into patients' health and their response to therapeutics. This paper presents a novel implantable bio-sensor based...
Considerable research has been done looking at the asymmetries between the dominant and nondominant arms. However, one area that has received less attention is how information about a perturbation affects these upper limb asymmetries. Our study sought to determine whether foreknowledge of a perturbation can affect the compensation from each arm. In addition, we examined the differences in compensation...
Trustworthy and usable point-of-care solutions require not only effective disease diagnostic procedures to ensure delivery of rapid and accurate outcomes, but also lightweight privacy-preserving capabilities. In this paper, we present a Biomedical Microelectromachanical System (BioMEMS)-based sensor for portable, inexpensive smartphone-based biomarker detection. The biosensor presented here provides...
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices have been implanted for treatment of basic tremor, Parkinson's disease and dystonia. These devices use electrodes in contact with tissue to deliver electrical pulses to targeted cells, to elicit specific therapeutic responses. In general, the neuromodulation industry has been evolving towards smaller, less invasive electrodes. However, current electrode materials...
Bioimpedance allows living tissues characterization and detection of pathological states. Although in previous years several methods have been proposed to assess bioimpedance, many instruments used in studies of living tissues characterization are commercial devices designed for the measurement of components or electronic circuits and therefore the measurement of biological tissues can be affected...
Gastric ischemia — reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important clinical problem, which is developed in more than 80% of critically ill patients. I/R is caused by interruption of blood supply to an organ or tissue followed by blood reflow into the exposed area, leading to multiple organ failure and death. Gastric reactance has been proposed to measure tissue injury caused by ischemia. The present study...
Reinfusion is a medical process which collects digestive flow from a proximal stoma to a distal one, in patient who had a post-operative double enteral stoma. This process avoids the risk of under nutrition and frees the patient from a Total Parenteral Nutrition to offset the digestive loss. Most of the previous ways of reinfusion first collect the digestive flow into a bag before instillation. We...
BioImpedance Spectroscopy (BIS) has been clinically used to determine the hydrational status of patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD). In the present project we are developing a calf-localised, integrated impedimetric device to periodically and conveniently measure and transmit information on the hydrational status of home-based patients to a remote clinic. Surprisingly, we have found that simple...
We demonstrate the biopsy needle capable of multi-spot impedance sensing based on attachable and flexible sensor film. In order to directly integrate sensor electrodes into curved surface of biopsy needle, attachable and thin polyimide substrate was used. Sensor electrodes were easily manipulated due to advantage of conventional microfabrication technique and this enable capability of multi-spot impedance...
This paper describes the development and the validation of a prototype wearable miniaturized impedance monitoring system for remote monitoring in home-based dialysis patients. This device is intended to assess the hydration status of dialysis patients using calf impedance measurements. The system is based on the low-power AD8302 component. The impedance calibration procedure is described together...
Estimating the instantaneous respiratory rate (Rr) from the electrocardiogram (ECG) is of interest as respiration direct measurement in clinical situations is often cumbersome. In this study, the Rr was estimated from the same Final Directions of maximum projection (FD) used for multi lead ECG automatic delineation. Power spectral analysis over the directions based on QRS complex main peak and T wave...
Micro-electrocorticographic (μΕΟοΟ) electrode arrays provide a minimally invasive, high-resolution neural interface with broad cortical coverage. Previously, we fabricated μΕCoG arrays at a lower cost than commercially available devices using low-cost industrial processes [1], [2]. Here, we report the in vitro electrical performance of five μΕCoG designs undergoing an accelerated aging protocol. The...
Current solutions for the monitoring of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) in patients suffering from pulmonary hypertension are limited to invasive means. Non-invasive alternatives, such as Doppler echocardiography, are incompatible with continuous monitoring due to their dependency on qualified personnel to perform the measurements. In the present study, a novel non-invasive and unsupervised approach...
Electrode arrays for recording and stimulation in the central nervous system have enabled numerous advances in basic science and therapeutic strategies. In particular, micro-fabricated arrays with precision size and spacing offer the benefit of accessing single neurons and permit mapping of neuronal function. Similar advances are envisioned toward understanding the autonomic nervous system and developing...
The therapeutic actions of deep brain stimulation are not fully understood. The early inflammatory response of electrode implantation is associated with symptom relief without electrical stimulation, but is negated by anti-inflammatory drugs. Early excitotoxic necrosis and subsequent glial scarring modulate the conductivity of the tissue-electrode interface, which can provide some detail into the...
This paper proposes to use the analysis of human mechanical impedance to predict spatial behavior of tremor. Traditional studies have revealed that the variability in force is proportional to the mean level of force generated, which is described as signal dependent noise. The variability in force sometimes generates unintentional and uncontrollable rhythmic muscle movements, called tremor. Tremor...
Biobotics is an emerging and useful advent in the field of robotics which harnesses the mechanical power of live invertebrates and benefits from them as “working” animals. Most biobotic applications rely on neural or muscular stimulation through implanted electrodes for achieving direct control of their locomotory behavior. Degradation of stimulation efficiency is often noticed through extended usage,...
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