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This work investigates the efficacy of “coplanar shielding,” in which copper shields are oriented concentric and coplanar to the RF coils rather than implemented as a full ground plane behind them. Following FDTD simulations to determine optimal shielding parameters, two coil geometries were constructed: a circular loop surface coil and a half-volume five-element receive array. Each was evaluated...
Pediatric Pneumonia is one of the principal causes of death by year on children under the age of five worldwide. The diagnosis is commonly made by clinical criteria with support from imaging tools like radiography. Lung ultrasound has been considered a low-cost and portable alternative for pneumonia imaging; however, interpretation is subjective and requires adequate training. In the present work,...
This paper presents a novel methodology for automated detection and extraction of the lumen wall from Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) frames. IVUS is an in-vivo pull back imaging technique and provides a sequential frame of images for diagnosis of atherosclerotic heart disease. The detection and segmentation of lumen wall is necessary for predicting the arterial wall blockage. Lumen wall is recognized...
Neural Information Flow during simple cognitive or motor actions is a significant research topic; one of which is a simple finger movement. In this paper, Electro-encephalograph (EEG) Source Imaging has been used to model the Neural Information flow, during performance of a simple Auditory Response Task (ART), specifically by employment of a space-time-frequency sparsity constrained based algorithm,...
Results from single cell imaging, facilitated by high resolution microscopy, have demonstrated cell-to-cell variability within the same cell population in contexts ranging from cell growth to cell migration. Recent studies suggest that such variability conveys important information about diseased states. However, manual analysis and interpretation of heterogeneous calcium oscillation based on time-lapsed...
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women in the United States due to cancer. Early detection of breast cancerous regions will aid the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of breast cancer. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a non-invasive imaging modality with high resolution, has been widely used to visualize various tissue types within the human breast and has demonstrated great...
Burn debridement is a challenging technique that requires significant skill to identify regions requiring excision and appropriate excision depth. A machine learning tool is being developed in order to assist surgeons by providing a quantitative assessment of burn-injured tissue. Three noninvasive optical imaging techniques capable of distinguishing between four kinds of tissue-healthy skin, viable...
Heat liberated from isolated cardiac muscle has been used to inform us of thermo-mechanical processes that occur during a contraction. However, for comparisons between different samples to be useful, the heat output needs to be normalized to volume. We have implemented an optical coherence tomograph (OCT), together with a flow-through calorimeter, to accurately determine both muscle volume and heat...
The three dimensional (3D) innervation zone (IZ) imaging approach (3DIZI) has been developed in our group to localize the IZ of a particular motor unit (MU) from its motor unit action potentials decomposed from high-density surface electromyography (EMG) recordings. In this study, the developed 3DIZI approach was combined with electrical stimulation to investigate global distributions of IZs in muscles...
In this paper we have introduced a novel electromagnetic source imaging (ESI) technique and demonstrated its validity and excellent performance in imaging the location and extent of underlying epileptic sources in patients suffering from focal epilepsy. The proposed algorithm employs ideas from sparse signal processing literature and convex optimization theories to improve source imaging results obtained...
Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster) are widely-used model organisms for neurological and cardiac studies due to their simple neuronal (302 neurons in C. elegans) and cardiac (simple tubular organ in D. melanogaster) systems. However, their small sizes and continuous mobility impede their precise and timely manipulation, hence, limiting the assays that...
Advancements in multiarticulate upper-limb prosthetics have outpaced the development of intuitive, non-invasive control mechanisms for implementing them. Surface electromyography is currently the most popular non-invasive control method, but presents a number of drawbacks including poor deep-muscle specificity. Previous research established the viability of ultrasound imaging as an alternative means...
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder in which functional and structural brain networks are disrupted. Classical network analysis has been used by many researchers to quantify brain networks and to study the network changes in schizophrenia, but unfortunately metrics used in this classical method highly depend on the networks' density and weight; the comparisons made by this method are biased. The minimum...
Multimodal fusion is an effective approach to better understand brain disease. To date, most current fusion approaches are unsupervised; there is need for a multivariate method that can adopt prior information to guide multimodal fusion. Here we proposed a novel supervised fusion model, called “MCCAR+jICA”, which enables both identification of multimodal co-alterations and linking the covarying brain...
EEG brain imaging has become a promising approach in Brain-computer interface applications. However, accurate reconstruction of active regions and computational burden are still open issues. In this paper, we propose to use a simplified forward model that includes the reduction of the cortical dipoles based on Brodmann areas together with state-of-the-art EEG brain imaging techniques. With this approach...
Segmentectomy using indocyanine green (ICG) has become a primary treatment option to achieve a complete resection and preserve lung function in early-stage lung cancer. However, owing to a lack of appropriate intraoperative imaging systems, it is a huge challenge for surgeons to identify the intersegmental plane during the operation, leading to poor prognosis. Thus, we developed a novel wireless wearable...
Virus-transduced calcium indicators are effective reporters of neural activity, offering the advantage of cell-specific labeling. To track the level of in vivo expression of genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) in rodent retina, we developed a noninvasive imaging approach based on a custom-modified low-cost and simple fundus system that enabled us to monitor and characterize in vivo bright-field...
Available data on the dielectric properties of biological tissue across a frequency range adds an extra degree of freedom of contrast besides the baseline structural information obtained by conventional imaging techniques. In this paper, we propose a new methodology to non-invasively extract the normalized effective conductivity of samples over a large frequency range using microwave-induced thermoacoustic...
Subdivision-based image registration has previously been applied to co-localize digital information extracted from rigid structures in biological specimens, such as the brain. Here, we describe and demonstrate the creation and application of a two-dimensional subdivision-based atlas representing a dynamic structure: the outflow tract of the developing chicken heart. The atlas is designed to segment...
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a noninvasive imaging method for localization of focal epileptiform activity in patients with epilepsy. This study investigates the cerebral functional abnormalities quantified by MEG coherence laterality in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). Resting state MEG data was analyzed using MEG coherence source imaging (MEG-CSI) method to determine the coherence in 54 anatomical...
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