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The amount of energy consumed by data centers and telecom buildings is increasing annually due to the buildup and high-density arrangement of ICT equipment, which is needed to handle the rapid rise in traffic brought on by the spread of smartphones and advances in the Internet usage environment. At the same time, services that use ICT equipment are expected to provide high levels of reliability and...
Site infrastructure sharing is the trend of future base station construction. Telecom infrastructure operators require for smooth upgrading and low TCO when sharing sites power supply, spaces and operation management. This paper introduces a new integrated hybrid power supply system suitable for the site sharing requirements. It perfectly combines many functions together, such as energy generation,...
Nowadays, high power density has become essential in networking, telecommunications and computing applications. Additionally, the electronic equipment used in these applications requires a very-low voltage feeding even when its power supply has a much higher voltage rating. Therefore, high step-down converters with high power density performance are required for these applications. Consequently, a...
This paper focuses on Voltage Fed Dual Active Bridge (VF-DAB) bidirectional DC-DC converter modules connected Input Parallel and Output Parallel (IPOP) configuration. Modularity or parallel operation of the bidirectional DC-DC converters for energy storage application is not just an economic solution for increasing the power transfer capability, but also provides several advantages such as redundancy,...
This paper reports the experimental study of a 400 V class DC microgrid for an office building that has been constructed in Obihiro City, Hokkaido, Japan. The objective of this study is to develop a self-sustained distributed energy system by combining distribution energies, batteries, and appliances with DC power. This new DC energy system not only reduces the environment load and improves energy...
At the present time, the concept of coordination of photovoltaic generation systems with existing power systems has become the focus of increasing attention. Taking coordination between photovoltaic generation systems and power storage equipment as its theme, this paper elucidates the outlook for control conditions and the recovery of costs with the focus on economic performance and also reports on...
This paper addresses availability of power infrastructure in data centers and associated costs for downtime. Special attention is given to modeling of solar power sources in terms of availability as well as their implementation into critical infrastructure and the justification for their implementation from cost perspective. Influence on overall electrical reliability and availability of infrastructure...
The authors have proposed the single-stage bidirectional buck AC/DC converter. This paper shows the size and efficiency of the proposed single-stage buck AC/DC converter using SiC MOSFET in comparison with conventional two-stage buck AC/DC converter using Si IGBT. AC current harmonics, DC voltage ripples and efficiency are evaluated in single-stage converter and two-stage converter by experiments.
This paper presents a distributed control for dc microgrids that minimize the total generation cost and regulate the average voltage at the desired value. The proposed controller includes two modules; lower cost regulator and voltage regulator. In addition, a sparse communication network with a balanced laplacian matrix is used for data exchange between converters as each converter communicates only...
High capacity of direct current is essential in many industrial processes. Conventional methods for obtaining high amount of direct current involve parallel operation of converters with multi-pulse rectifier. The multi-phase transformer combined with rectifier in the system increases overall size of the system and also provide limited control over the operation. This paper presents simpler topology...
Recently, Model Predictive Controller (MPC) becomes the most attractive control in power electronics and drives applications. It is incorporated in Z-Source Inverter family (ZSI) where each of capacitor voltage, inductor current and output load currents could be controlled at their setting points' values. In this paper, a proposed algorithm for qSZI is introduced to simplify the system through reducing...
This paper discusses the common Line Powering standards for safety with their advantages and their drawbacks. It also discusses the effects of electrical shock and risk of ventricular fibrillation on humans and the two types of faults that can occur with RFT-V line powering. Based on the standards for the effects of current on human beings and livestock, two flowcharts are developed to help unify...
Today, electricity distribution and communication networks are getting more tightly integrated as smart grids evolve. From time to time, extreme weather conditions such as severe wind and snow storms cause large outages in electricity distribution networks in Northern countries. Loss of electricity can hinder remote control of grid entities and causes a chain-effect that jeopardizes energy generation,...
The comparison of the power stage dynamics between a conventional LLC converter and a three-level LLC converter is presented in this paper. The frequency response was similar in continuous current mode, but different in discontinuous current mode. Moreover, how the variation of circuit parameters affects the transfer function of the three-level LLC converter is studied. The experimental verification...
This paper presents design and implementation of a dc/dc converter with division-summation (D-Σ) digital control. With the control, the converter is allowed to have wide inductance variation caused by high current flowing through inductor, and to track current reference precisely for achieving tight output voltage regulation. Moreover, the control can reduce steady-state error as compared with peak...
The European Commission is supporting many projects in the field of energy saving, with the aim to improve user behavior and to help Europe to meet emission targets. In October 2012, the European Union adopted the Energy Efficiency Directive with the aim to reduce the primary energy consumption by 20% by 2020. One key point in the reduction of energy consumption energy is the awareness of final users...
In a DC distribution system, the reliability of the interfacing converter is crucial. The ability to detect the fault occurrence in a fast and accurate manner for fault mitigation is one of the criteria for fault diagnosis of a distribution system in a built environment. In this paper, an interfacing cascaded boost chopper rectifier is used as a case study for fault diagnosis. Wavelet transform of...
In this paper the behavior of a tower and its grounding system, subjected to a lightning, is faced. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) method has been chosen in order to study the non-linear time domain behavior of the system. The electromagnetic problem has been described by using two type of first order time derivative equations: Maxwell's equations and Telegraph equations. Aim of this work is...
This paper analyses the parameter dependence during the charging process of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRB) for a system-aware green data center which has distributed sources of energy production and amenable to flexible load scheduling. One of the key features of a flow battery is the ability to control the flow rate and current during the charging process. The flexibility however has a direct...
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