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A battery-ultracapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) combines the advantages of both Li-ion batteries and ultracapacitors. Li-ion batteries sustain a relatively long electric only driving range but degrade if exposed to high C-rates and large number of cycles. Ultracapacitors are robust, have a quasi infinite cycle life and can sustain highly dynamic power profiles. This paper proposes a HESS...
State-of-charge estimation is vital to maximize battery performance and ensuring safe operation. The accuracy of a state-of-charge estimation technique is greatly influenced by the accuracy of the applied battery model. However, the battery model's parameters are varying with several factors, such as temperature, charge/discharge rate, usage cycle, and age. Therefore, an online battery modeling approach...
Lead acid batteries are an important part of most energy storage applications. Managing these applications is complicated by the inherent difficulty of following the evolution of important battery parameters; more specifically, the State of Charge (SOC), State of Health (SOH) and Ampere-hour capacity (AHC). This article shows that the Two-Pulse Load Test is a simple and reliable method to determine...
As an energy storage unit Lithium-ion batteries play an important role in More Electrical Aircraft and accurate knowledge of its behaviour and state of charge (SOC) are required to ensure the safety of the Aircraft Electrical System (AES) and its energy management. This paper details the conception of a 2nd order equivalent electrical circuit (EEC) battery model with SOC, current (magnitude and direction)...
The open-circuit voltage (OCV) forms the basis for many real-time state-of-charge (SOC) estimation algorithms. The OCV-SOC relationship for most battery chemistries often provides a good estimate for SOC. However, for the lithium-ion iron phosphate (LiFePO4) variation of the lithium-ion cell chemistry, the OCV curve is fairly flat over the operational SOC range. Thus, even the smallest error in the...
Electric vehicle battery modeling and state-of-charge prediction has gained a lot of importance with the growing range anxiety among electric vehicle users. The future of battery implementation in electric vehicles might be in their customized design according to specific journey conditions. As such, this paper highlights the application of a novel concept — Journey Mapping for a Ford Focus Electric...
This paper provides an equivalent series resistance-based real-time control method for the battery-ultracapacitor hybrid system. The idea of this control method is that the dynamic load demand is distributed based on the equivalent series resistance ratio of batteries to ultracapacitors, whilst the estimated average load demand based on the past N seconds is supplied by the batteries. In addition,...
The recent trends in adaptive renewable energy and storage systems for buildings is aiding in improved energy efficiency and costs. Various novel adaptable systems and devices including photovoltaics, batteries and electric vehicles have been proposed in the prior art for the purpose of supporting highly energy sustainable buildings. To aid these systems and to provide additional features, building...
This paper proposes a method for modeling dynamics of solid batteries, such as valve-regulated-lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion batteries. A model is presented, which is composed of static nonlinearity V-I curves and a variable-parameter equivalent circuit model. A procedure of battery test and data processing is presented to obtain model parameters based on physical-chemical mechanism and V-I...
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