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Datacenters are becoming a significant energy consumer and ideal candidates to operate as virtual power plant (VPP). In order to provide reliable power, datacenters are provided with on-site generators and large backup resources. These resources are designed to provide power during grid failure, therefore they are underutilized most of the time. In addition, load demand of the datacenter is flexible...
The prospective spread of Electric vehicles (EV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles arises the need for fast charging rates. High required charging rates lead to high power demands, which may not be supported by the grid. In this paper, an optimal power flow technique of a PV-battery powered fast EV charging station is presented to minimize the operation cost. The objective is to help the penetration...
This paper proposes a soft-switched three-port single-stage inverter (TPSI) for a photovoltaic (PV)-battery system. Compared to the existing soft-switched TPSIs, the proposed TPSI has the advantages of using the least number of switches and that all of the switches are capable of being turned on under the zero voltage switching (ZVS) condition. A prototype of the TPSI without using electrolytic capacitors...
In electric vehicle (EV) systems, bi-directional DC/DC converters are applied to interface the battery bank with the high voltage DC-link of the inverter. The control of the DC-link voltage is important for the high performance of the system. A DC-link voltage control strategy for the bidirectional DC/DC converter is proposed, which eliminates the need for detecting the operating mode and do not need...
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) control strategies have received much attention in recent years for their significant impact in reducing the overall fuel cost. Dynamic programming (DP) is a control method which calculates every possible outcome at each step to find out the optimal supervisory control trajectory. In this work, DP is applied to a PHEV control strategy using a backward looking...
In this paper a novel DC line-interactive uninterruptable power supply (UPS) with load leveling feature is proposed. The new UPS replaces the common AC three phase UPS and can be used for systems with pulse loads, and has superiority in performance and efficiency. The DC UPS utilizes Li-ion battery module in the DC link to perform the load leveling feature and UPS functionality. A Li-ion LFP based...
In this paper and integrated battery energy management algorithm for optimal control of power and energy of a medium voltage feeder is discussed. The proposed unique control algorithm enhances coordination of two main storage applications, viz., Photo-Voltaic Capacity Firming (PVCF) and electric Energy Time Shift (ETS). Optimization of control parameters and set points are considered for management...
The battery energy storage systems (BESS) using modular multilevel converter (MMC) as the grid interfacing converter could integrate multiple independent battery stacks with flexible control capability by assuming the unique circulating current control scheme. Traditionally, the separate battery stacks in MMC are controlled to have the same state of charge (SOC) for maximizing the operational capacity,...
Energy storage systems based on Lithium-ion batteries have been proposed as an environmental friendly alternative to traditional conventional generating units for providing grid frequency regulation. One major challenge regarding the use of Lithium-ion batteries in such applications is their cost competitiveness in comparison to other storage technologies or with the traditional frequency regulation...
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are found nowadays not only in portable/consumer electronics but also in more power demanding applications, such as stationary renewable energy storage, automotive and back-up power supply, because of their superior characteristics in comparison to other energy storage technologies. Nevertheless, prior to be used in any of the aforementioned application, a Li-ion battery...
This paper discussed a 3kW PV Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) for conserving electrical energy and ensuring load leveling. The system targeted involved a PV unit capable of generating 3 kW of power and a 3 kW h lithium polymer battery. The proposed system was implemented in order to determine its effectiveness with respect to load leveling and energy saving. An office was selected for testing,...
Electric vehicles rely on efficient charging techniques to maximize battery performance, efficiency and lifetime. Most EV on-board chargers are supplied from single phase AC mains, and contain 2nd order mains frequency harmonic in the battery current. This harmonic current incurs extra loss in the battery, increases battery temperature, and hence reduces charging efficiency and battery lifetime. Conventional...
A real-time battery model capable of accurately predicting the battery hysteresis effect is critical for a model-based battery conditional monitoring algorithm in advanced battery management systems. Battery condition monitoring involves tracking changes in physical parameters and operational states such as state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) to ensure the optimal operation and safety...
This paper presents a new voltage control technique for grid-connected single-phase AC/DC converters. The proposed control system is able to significantly improve the performance of the closed-loop control system by using a nonlinear observer to extract the DC value of the DC-bus voltage. The proposed nonlinear observer is able to completely eliminate the impact of double-frequency ripple inherent...
This paper proposes an electrolytic capacitor-less bi-directional EV charger for V2G and V2H operation. The dc-dc converter stage of the proposed EV charger is a non-regulating series resonant converter (SRC) which can be designed with minimum voltage and current rating and always achieves ZCS turn ON and OFF. The unified inner loop of the proposed control block provides seamless mode transfer for...
This paper proposes a novel modulation method of the full bridge three-level LLC resonant converter. The voltage gain of the converter is analyzed by First Harmonic Approximation technique using this modulation method. Therefore designers can easily calculate the converter parameters. A 385V input, 225 to 378V/6.6kW output prototype converter shows 98.14% peak efficiency.
Connecting renewable power plants to the grid must comply with certain codes and requirements. One requirement is the ramp rate constraint, which must be fulfilled in order to avoid penalties. As this service becomes compulsory with an increased grid penetration of renewable, all possible solutions must be explored especially that large battery energy storage systems are still expensive solutions...
This paper presents a modular switched-capacitor (SC) dc-dc converter based electric drive system for battery electric vehicles. In such a system, modularized lithium-ion battery cell tied MOSFET SC converters are used instead of the more conventional IGBT boost converter. Following the drive train architecture, the modeling approach for each electrical component, including the battery set, dc-dc...
Moball is a spherical wind-driven exploration robot intended for in-situ observation of scientifically important environments, such as Arctic, Mars, and Saturn's moon Titan. Moball has three orthogonal linear generators/actuators to enable both the steering control and energy harvesting. This paper focuses on the energy harvesting circuit for the Moball's linear generator which has non-sinusoidal...
This research elaborately investigates an innovative work for high-accuracy SOC estimation using an adjusted experimental discharging/charging voltage (EDCV) signal of series/parallel-cell configured battery pack through combination between adaptive sliding-mode observer (SMO) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The steps for robust SOC estimation in the proposed approach as follows. First, after...
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