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In order to support a wide set of communication standards and to accommodate different applications in a single device, broadband receivers are essential and inevitably in demand. A wideband low-noise amplifier (LNA), which is a key block in the design of broadband receivers for multiband wireless communication standards, is proposed. A differential common-gate (CG) LNA utilizing multiple-feedback...
Inverter based comparators are proposed in the literature for medium speed ADCs with low power and low area requirements. The comparator is succeeded by a buffer in order to boost the gain of the comparator. This requires an additional delayed clock which limits the speed of the ADC. To overcome this limitation, a modified inverter based comparator which uses a single clock signal is proposed in this...
Multi Threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) circuit can be used to overcome the trade-off between speed and standby leakage current inherent in single threshold CMOS circuit. The simplest form is the dual threshold CMOS (DTCMOS), in which two threshold voltages are used in the same logic circuit. As a result, the standby power can be greatly reduced by this approach which is a key factor for battery operated devices...
Technology scaling results in reduction of the lateral and vertical dimensions of transistors. The supply voltage (VDD) is scaled down to reduce power dissipation and to maintain device reliability (avoid oxide breakdown). The threshold voltage (Vt) is proportionally scaled down in order to maintain the performance. However, narrow oxide thickness and low Vt result in significant rise in gate leakage...
Most of the advanced CCD sensors require bipolar clocks with large voltage swings. Hence there is a need of voltage level shifter to translate TTL/CMOS compatible levels to bipolar voltage swings (up to 20V). The CMOS drivers have advantages of low power and high input impedance but its main challenge is to attain negative voltage swing. Hence different topologies have been studied to implement the...
This paper proposes a new sensor circuit to monitor on-chip frequency temperature changes in VLSI circuits. The proposed circuit exploits the temperature dependency of current/voltage of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor. The variation of current/voltage in the temperature sensor circuit with respect to temperature is subjected to a ring oscillator which provides the relative frequency...
Sense amplifiers are one of the important circuits in the CMOS memories as they have a greater impact on the access time and power dissipation of memory cells. The current-mode sense amplifiers have improved the access time as well as power dissipation to a large extent when compared to voltage-mode sense amplifiers, thus resulting in making the memories compatible with the high speed CMOS technologies...
Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are promising security primitives in recent times. A PUF is a die-specific random function or silicon biometric that is unique for every instance of the die. PUFs derive their randomness from the uncontrolled random variations in the IC manufacturing process which is used to generate cryptographic keys. Researchers have proposed different kinds of PUF in last decade,...
The power, speed, area and energy constraints are the major user concerns, when it comes to choosing the appropriate logic family for new applications. This paper introduces customizable logic families and presents a comparative analysis of such logic families, to enable the user to make a robust choice. Energy efficiency has been identified as one of the most required features for modern electronic...
A fully integrated low power LNA is implemented using 65-nm RF CMOS technology for 2.14-GHz band. By taking the advantage of higher transition frequency of recent technologies, transistors are biased in the moderate inversion region and this permitted scaling down the supply voltage to 0.7 V. Further, the exploration of design spaces from strong to weak inversion led to the development of a low power...
Voltage references are very essential components of analog VLSI circuits. A reference source is expected to remain constant against supply voltage, temperature and process parameter variations. The forward voltage drop across junction diode exhibits a negative temperature dependence of about 2mV/°C, which is compensated by a suitably scaled proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) component to...
This paper presents characterization of low operating voltage, high speed and power efficient comparator used as a basic building block in speed optimized Analog to Digital Converters (ADC), such as flash ADC. Overall performance of any ADC in terms of speed, resolution and power consumption highly depends on the underlying comparator being used. In this paper, better structure of comparator is implemented...
In this work, novel layouts of a 4:1 CMOS transmission gate multiplexer are presented. The proposed layouts are realized by following the design rules for 45 nm and 90 nm CMOS processes, with a supply voltage of 1.2 V. Both layouts are designed using two different routing strategies — using only one metal layer, and using two metal layers. The power dissipation and area are noted and compared in all...
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