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In this paper, a new concept of serving flexible reliability (FR) is introduced in distribution network level. FR is defined as the ability of a grid to continue servicing the high priority customers in contingency states. Customers' priority is recognized based on their value of service reliability. Regarding this matter, the philosophy of designing a hybrid AC-DC microgrid is introduced with the...
AC and DC (optimal) power flow is discussed and compared. The comparisons are done through two case studies, where the two power flow models are used in contingency and reliability analyses. It is shown that the two models can lead to quite different results. The problem related to the convergence difficulties with the AC power flow is also discussed.
Reliability calculation programs for electrical power systems are available since the early 80s and have been since then continuously developed e.g. [1] [2]. However, these programs are designed for conventional power supply systems which consist of predominantly consumers. Through the development of electrical power systems in Europe and particularly the establishment of many new offshore wind farms,...
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