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Electrostatic discharges (ESDs) due to the collision of charged metals cause serious malfunctions in high-tech information devices. In particular, the fast collision provides severe ESD events, while the mechanism has not fully been elucidated, though the approach speed is known to affect a spark length. In this study, to investigate this mechanism experimentally, we developed a setup for electronically...
This paper reports standardization activities in CISPR and introduces newly developed limits and measurement method of conducted disturbances at the DC ports of Grid Connected Power Converters (GCPCs) applied to solar-photovoltaic power (PV) generating systems. First, background of standardization activities on the development of the limits and measurement method is described. Second, the two proposals...
Recent equipment uses many inverters from the viewpoint of energy saving. The inverter circuits have a potential of disturbance source because the high voltage and high speed switching devices are used in the circuits. In this paper, we investigated the relationship between the switch timing difference of inverter circuit and the common-mode voltage on the cable. First, we investigated the mechanism...
This paper describes an assessment of electrostatic discharge (ESD) events in terms of electromagnetic interference (EMI) assessments. To clarify the characteristics of high-speed ESD events, we used two kinds of discharge electrodes: sphere-and cylinder-shape ones. We measured the energy level of ESD waveforms with charging voltages of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 kV. We found that the cylindrical electrode...
An estimation method for the 2-port S-parameters of the circuit contained in a high-voltage (HV) unit mounted on electric-driven vehicles is presented. To obtain the S-parameters, first, the 4-port S-parameters for the propagation circuit are estimated using partial measurement. Several known loads are connected to the 2 ports in a HV unit in turn and the reflection and transmission characteristics...
Power factor correction (PFC) converters are commonly used at the first stage in single-phase switch-mode AC/DC power converters to improve the input current waveform distortion and achieve high efficiency in energy conversion. The operating condition of MOSFET in a PFC converter changes dynamically and periodically. This paper studies the operating condition and output load dependency of spectrum...
Frequency spectra of transient electromagnetic wave caused by electrostatic discharge in spherical electrode were examined by experimental study. The experimental system consists of a pair of spherical electrodes with different diameters, a 1–18 GHz band width horn antenna and a 20 GHz bandwidth digitizing oscilloscope. Discharge voltage is less than 600 V in this experiment. Frequency spectra and...
This paper describes the results of calculating and measuring deviations of conducted disturbance voltages caused by differences in the arrangement of an artificial mains network (AMN) used to measure the voltage, for example, the height of the (AMN) from a horizontal reference ground plane and the connection between the AMN and the ground plane. The results indicated that the conducted disturbance...
To understand the characteristics of human electrostatic discharges (ESDs), using a 12-GHz digital oscilloscope, we measured discharge currents injected into an IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) current calibration target through the fingertip from a human body charged at a voltage of 300 V. Occurrence frequencies of the current waveforms and their cumulative relative frequency distributions...
In this paper, we employed a two-step approach to evaluate the electromagnetic interference (EMI) voltage at cardiac pacemaker from human body communication (HBC) signals. In the first step, we calculated the input voltage of the analogue sensing circuit of pacemaker using an electromagnetic field analysis tool by considering the pacemaker as a receiving antenna. In the second step, we evaluated the...
Advanced encryption standard (AES) cores suffer from information leakage through power supply currents, even with the wave dynamic differential logic (WDDL) known as one of the most tolerable countermeasure design styles against side channel attacks (SCA). The set of plaintexts having bitlevel biased activities are produced with a known secret key and used for diagnosing the vulnerability of AES cores...
An on-chip waveform monitoring technique embodies in-stack evaluation of three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D IC) regarding physical connections using through silicon vias (TSV) and electronic characteristics of signal transmission as well as noise propagation. On-chip generation of reference voltage steps and sampling timings reduces the complexity of analog signal routing in a chip stack and...
In recent years, many faults due to lightning surges have been reported in telecommunications equipment that has multiple telecommunication ports such as with home gateways (HGWs). In this study, we report both the measured and calculated surge voltage characteristics between alternating current (AC) power, telecommunication, and local area network (LAN) ports of an HGW in a full-scale two-story house...
In order to investigate the generation and propagation mechanism of electromagnetic interference (EMI), near electro-magnetic (EM) fields have been measured. In many cases, magnitude of the fields is often measured. But if we can measure the fields in complex domain (magnitude and phase), we can get more information of EMI. we discuss the basic concept for the 6-port network used here, and then the...
CISPR 16-4-2 to address the measurement uncertainty of EMI test prescribes MIU (Measurement Instrumentation Uncertainty) of measuring instruments, systems and facilities. And also the product compliance assessment procedure based on MIU is described in the standard. However, since MIU does not embrace the whole source of measurement uncertainty, the contribution to improve MIU of EMI testing is limited...
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