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Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) is a signaling standard in telecom applications that produces two tones simultaneously for each key press. The DTMF tones are chosen such that decoding the pressed key from the received tones is very easier. The DTMF tone detection is very crucial block in several telecom based embedded systems. As the current generation embedded systems are looking for key feature...
Code division multiple access (CDMA) is one of the promising techniques in cellular mobile communications system used for radio accessing and personal communication systems. Besides several practical advantages, CDMA suffers with multiuser interference, limiting the spectral efficiency drastically. There are various optimal and suboptimal multi user detection techniques in CDMA to overcome this problem...
In this paper, we consider the problem of spectrum sensing based on energy detection (ED) method in cognitive radio (CR) over wireless communication channels when users experiences fading and non fading effects. The closed form analytical expressions for the detection probability are derived over non fading Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel and Nakagami-m and Nakagami-q fading channels...
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