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This paper discusses an alternative method for evaluating demand response (DR) programs utilizing structured incentive payments to encourage customer enrollment and energy conservation. Price elasticity of demand and demand management contracts (DMC) are used to estimate feasible load reductions (LR) under N-2 random system contingencies and dynamic pricing DR. The proposed method can assist bulk-power...
Demand response (DR) is becoming a key component of future smart grid that can reduce peak load and adapt elastic demand to fluctuating generations. While reducing energy bills for the participant, DR usually decreases its utility, which is different for distributed occupants inside a participating entity. A two-level distributed intelligent load management and control system is proposed in this paper...
The requirements of distribution grids are increasing. In a smart grid, critical states and overstress are predictable. If any kind of load shedding is available then grid expansions can be alleviated. Demand response could be used to motivate consumers to load shifting via incentives. Potential of load shifting in households exists, but remains uncertain so far due to the lack of knowledge about...
This paper discusses three aspects of demand response through a case study of a US utility: 1) how load profile changes due to demand response; 2) how much energy has been saved annually; 3) whether the load forecasts have been affected by demand response. A regression based approach is deployed to try to answer these questions. The results show that for this particular utility, the demand response...
The purpose of this study is to identify the impacts of demand response programs and automation on utilities reliability costs. To address this aim, a survey is conducted to determine correlations between utilities reliability costs and networks reliability indices. Regulators for reliability, assign penalty and reward which is called Performance Based Regulation (PBR) to companies. In distribution...
This paper investigates the potential of providing a variety of energy storage services by directly control the thermostatically controlled appliances (TCAs) from a centralized controller. Dispatch algorithms for the controller to arrange the turn-on and turn-off time and duration of individual TCAs are presented. The control goal is to operate each TCA within the customer-desired temperature range...
The problem of scheduling for large scale charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is considered. As part of the future EV infrastructure, a Large Scale Charging (LSC) facility is capable of charging hundreds of electric vehicles simultaneously. As an intelligent load in the future smart grid, LSC requires properly designed pricing and scheduling algorithms that take into account the electricity consumed,...
In competitive electricity markets with deep concerns for the efficiency level, demand response programs gain considerable significance. As demand response levels have decreased after the introduction of competition in the power industry, new approaches are required to take full advantage of demand response opportunities. Grid operators and utilities are taking new initiatives, recognizing the value...
This paper presents a system that uses real-time information from the smart grid within an optimization framework which allows the utility to proactive manage demand and distributed resources to increase the value of the integrated system while minimizing the impacts upon customers.
The current evolution of supply resources on US power grid is focused on renewable resources and cleaner, low emission, power resources. This trend in evolution of supply resources has lead to a reduction in operating flexibility for legacy resources which are being replaced by resources with significantly different characteristics and capabilities. The current class of intermittent resources in the...
Response of demand, distributed generation and electricity storage (e.g. vehicle to grid) will be crucial for power systems management in the future smart electricity grid. In this paper, we describe a smart grid technology that integrates demand and supply flexibility in the operation of the electricity system through the use of dynamic pricing. Over the last few years, this technology has been researched...
This paper highlights Pacific Gas and Electric Company's current practices in demand response operational forecasting, the challenges it faces, and the potential to increase demand response integration with more accurate and timely forecasting.
Electricity plays an important role in the future energy framework around the world. The foreseen high penetration of renewable energy resources and electric vehicles (EV) will change the way of understanding and operating power systems. Consequently, significant investment in network infrastructure needs to be made in order to cope with this tremendous change in an efficient and effective manner...
Demand response (DR) has a great potential to provide balancing services at normal operating conditions and emergency support when a power system is subject to large disturbances. Effective DR control strategies can help relieve balancing and frequency response burdens on conventional generators in addition to reducing generation and transmission investments needed to meet peak demands. This paper...
This paper examines the revenue potentials of frequency control provision (primary and secondary control) by flexible unit portfolios, also referred to as Virtual Power Plants (VPPs), consisting of generators, energy storage units, and controllable thermal loads. A unified modeling approach for power system units, referred to as“Power Nodes modeling approach”, is introduced and used for setting up...
An important benefit of demand response (DR) is avoided need to build power plants to serve heightened demand that occurs in just a few hours per year. There are two basic categories of DR options: price-based and incentive-based DR programs. In this paper, both categories of DR measures are modeled based on the demand-price elasticity concept. It has been shown that customers' reaction against implementing...
Increasing the penetration of renewable generation in distribution systems requires effective management to cater for the variability of demand and renewable generation. In a smart distribution network, Demand Response (DR) plays a crucial role in this but there is a continuing need to demonstrate the benefits and the implementation of DR in home management systems. This paper provides a tool that...
As the global movement towards the implementation of large-scale renewable energy sources proceeds, wind power has continued to remain a leading resource. Unlike other traditional generation sources, the fuel cost for wind is zero; nevertheless, the impacts of adding wind generation to an existing power system are generally non-negligible. One of the key indicators of the variability of a renewable...
With liberalizing electricity market, consumers are incurred more electricity price volatilities. Accordingly, they may present parts of their demand as responsive loads (RLs) with the purpose of reducing the prices and providing favorable reliability level for the system. RLs are identified as resources from demand-side which can participate in reliability-triggered events and/or ancillary services...
Load recovery is a major problem in scheduling demand response (DR) in a power system where they significantly increase the cost of electricity supply during off-peak periods. This paper analyses such intertemporal recovery effects on each customer and each involved stakeholder, using a novel financial valuation method termed ‘securitization’. Based on this local analysis, a global market clearing...
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