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A new method for detection occurrences of CT saturation is presented in this paper. The presented algorithm applies only first order derivatives of signals which is possible it has been designed in a new innovative methodology in which phase current signals are considered as coordinates of a 3D vector. The proposed algorithm is compared with standard one applying secondary current signal combined...
Over the years, different methods have been used in order to avoid problems with load encroachment, and each method presents its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Regardless of the method used, each relay will have a maximum "loadability limit" that will cause the relay to operate under high load conditions. Therefore, it is important for the relay engineer to understand and take...
Decentralized Energy Resources (DER) and especially wind farms became a challenge for protection, automation and control in the grids. Transmission system operators as well as distribution system operators require tests of Loss of Mains and other decoupling protection functions. In some countries certification of these functions is required. The units are equipped with a huge amount of internal protection...
The paper will present implemented protection scheme on two, symmetrical, double core design Phase Shifting Transformers (PST) [6], each rated at 600MVA, 400kV, 866A, 50Hz, ±40° with in total 64 tap positions (32 advance and 32 retard). Thus, every individual tap introduce phase angle shift of 1,25°. The used PST protection scheme follows the protection recommendations published by IEEE [1]. It shall...
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