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In this paper we present surface electromyo-graphic (EMG) data collected from 16 channels on five unimpaired subjects and one transradial amputee performing 12 individual finger movements and a rest class. EMG were processed using a traditional Time Domain feature-set and classifiers: a Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) a k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Using continuous...
This paper reports on a compact, small-scale neural recording system combining state-of-art silicon-based probe arrays with a light-weight 32-channel wireless head stage. The system is equipped with two- and four-shaft, comb-shaped probe arrays connected to highly flexible ribbon cables enabling a reliable and controlled insertion of probe arrays through the intact dura mater into the medial prefrontal...
Periodic breathing patterns known as Central Sleep Apnea (CSA) are often observed in congestive heart failure. This phenomenon is associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death, but the mechanism for that outcome has not been exposed. Endocardial electrograms were recorded during spontaneous episodes of CSR and PB in patients in conscious and unconscious states. Analysis exposed a regular...
The design and fabrication of a novel 2-scale topography dry electrode using macro and micro needles is presented. The macro needles enable biopotential measurements on hairy skin, the function of the micro needles is to decrease the electrode impedance even further by penetrating the outer skin layer. Also, a fast and reliable impedance characterization protocol is described. Based on this impedance...
Platinum microwires, terminated at regular intervals to form a grid of contacts, were used to record electric potentials at the surface of the cerebral cortex in human subjects. The microwire grids were manufactured commercially with 75 μm platinum wire and 1 mm grid spacing, and are FDA approved. Because of their small size and spacing, these grids could be used to explore the scale of spatiotemporal...
Recent studies in primate neurophysiology have focused on decoding multi-joint kinematics from single unit and local field potential recordings. However, the extent to which these results can be generalized to human subjects is not known. We have recorded simultaneous electrocorticographic (ECoG) and hand kinematics in a human subject performing reach-grasp-hold of objects varying in shape and size...
DEEP brain stimulation implants have improved life quality for more than 70,000 patients world-wide with diseases like Parkinson's, essential tremor, or obsessive-compulsive disorder where pharmaceutical therapies alone could not offer sufficient relief. Still, optimization and monitoring relies heavily on regular clinical visits, putting a burden on patient's comfort and clinicians. Permanent monitoring...
Intelligent affective computers can have many medical and non-medical applications. However today's affective computers are limited in scope by their transferability to other application environments or that they monitor only one aspect of physiological emotion expression. Here, the use of a wireless EEG system, which can be implemented in a body area network, is used to investigate the potential...
The ability to reconstruct gastric electrical activity (termed slow waves) non-invasively from potential field measurements made on the torso surface would be a useful tool to aid in the clinical diagnosis of a number of gastric disorders. This is mathematically akin to the inverse problem of electrocardiography. To investigate this problem, an anatomically realistic torso model and an electrical...
Finite element models of helical electrodes were utilized in conjunction with nerve fiber models to determine the efficacy of various changes in helical electrode design in improving nerve fiber recruitment. It was determined that an increase in the helical overlap angle does not facilitate recruitment of smaller diameter nerve fibers. The simulations led to some strategies that could potentially...
A new, automated way to obtain signatures of active motor units (MUs) from high density surface EMG recordings during voluntary contractions is presented. It relies on clustering of repetitive shapes corresponding to different MU action potentials (MUAPs) present. The number of clusters and the mean shapes of the MUAPs as observed on the electrode grid, are estimated in a fast way without user interaction...
Considerable evidences have shown a decrease of neu-ronal activity in the left frontal lobe of depressed patients, but the underlying cortical network is still unclear. The present study intends to investigate the conscious-state brain network patterns in depressed patients compared with control individuals. Cortical functional connectivity is quantified by the partial directed coherence (PDC) analysis...
An important function for a tactile navigation system of a handheld tool, such as a surgical scalpel, is the spatial transparency of the device. This paper proposed a new tactile display that can augment touch sensation at the finger pulps without the need for a stimulator between the tool and the finger pulps. We utilized transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation at the middle phalanx of a finger...
This paper describes a novel method to estimate pulse arrival time (PAT) from the electrocardiogram (ECG) and the impedance plethysmogram (TPG) obtained by using a compact and easy-to-use handheld device with only four electrodes. A proof-of-concept has been carried out where PAT values obtained with the proposed device have been compared to PAT values measured between the ECG and the photoplethysmogram...
A new approach for the design and fabrication of a highly flexible blood pressure sensor is introduced in this paper. The goal is to measure the pressure within an aneurysm sac for post-endovascular aneurysms repair (EVAR) surveillance. Biocompatible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes with embedded aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used to build the conductive elements of the pressure sensitive...
A blister test apparatus has been developed, which allows a quantitative adhesion analysis of thin-film metallizations on polymers manufactured in cleanroom conditions suitable for micromachining of neural electrode arrays. The device is capable of pressurizing metallic membranes at wafer level, monitoring the pressure and the height of the developing blister while detecting the moment of delamination,...
In this paper we report for the first time the design, fabrication and characterization of an optically transparent electrode array for micro-electrocorticography. We present a 49-channel μECoG array with an electrode pitch of 800 μm and a 16-channel linear μECoG array with an electrode pitch of 200 μm. The backing material was Parylene C. Transparent, sputtered indium tin oxide (ITO) was used in...
Dry biosignal electrodes for electro-encephalography (EEG) are an essential step for realization of ubiquitous EEG monitoring and brain computer interface technologies. We propose a novel electrode design with a specific shape for hair layer interfusion and reliable skin contact. An electrically conductive Titanium-Nitride (TiN) thin layer is deposited on a polyurethane substrate using a multiphase...
Continuous brain monitoring based on EEG recorded from surface electrodes is believed to have potentials in wearable medical devices. In such devices capacitive electrodes are attractive compared to conventional electrodes because there is no need for skin preparation and conductive gels, and because of diminished motion artifacts. However, there are technical challenges connected to the practical...
In the context of functional electrical stimulation, neural recording is one of the main issues. For instance, the control of the limbs in people with motor deficiencies needs information about the muscle lengths and speeds that can be extracted from electroneurograms (ENG) carried on afferent peripheral nerves. The aim of this study is to propose an non-invasive and spatial-selective electrode (because...
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