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We showed that magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) have great potentials to be used as microcarriers for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. Indeed, magnetotaxis inherent in MTB can be exploited to direct them towards a tumor while being propelled by their own flagellated molecular motors. Nonetheless, although the thrust propelling force above 4 pN of the MC-1 MTB showed to be superior compared to...
Evolutionary features of lymph nodes such as change in size over time are decisive descriptors to assess disease progression in cancer patient. Other than study at one point in time, it is more useful to derive temporal analysis on structures of interest. The paper presents the use of deformable registration in lymph node tracking, particularly in the context of disease progression. We found that...
In this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to estimate the permittivities of the tissue layers at microwave frequency band. According to the literature, microwave radiometry (MWR) is potentially a promising cancer detection technique. In addition, breast cancer is an appropriate candidate of MWR due to the breast's exclusive physiology. Several algorithms have been evaluated...
One can find in the literature numerous techniques to reduce noise in Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI). This paper critically reviews modern de-noising algorithms (Gaussian filter, anisotropic diffusion, wavelet, and non-local mean) in terms of their efficiency, statistical assumptions, and their ability to improve brain tumor segmentation results. We will show that although different techniques do...
Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy has become more and more popular in the last decade. Video laparoscopes remain the gold standard of intraoperative imaging during laparoscopic interventions. However, providing only superficial images of the target tissue. In contrast, ultrasound (US) imaging may offer crucial information of the interior of the target tissue that could improve surgical outcome. In...
The development, implementation and use of computer-based medical decision support systems (MDSS) based on pattern recognition techniques holds the promise of substantially improving the quality of medical practice in diagnostic and prognostic tasks. In this study, the core of a decision support system for brain tumour classification from magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data is presented. It...
Hepatocellular carcinoma often evades effective therapy and recurrences are frequent. Recently, nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) ablation using pulse power technology has emerged as a local-regional, non-thermal, and non-drug therapy for skin cancers. In the studies reported here we use nsPEFs to ablate murine, rat and human HCCs in vitro and an ectopic murine Hepa 1–6 HCC in vivo. Using pulses...
In order to realize a less invasive robotic neurosurgery for the deeply seated tumor, a force detecting gripper with a flexible micro manipulator has been developed. Gripping force applied on the gripper is detected by strain gages fit on the gripper clip. Signal is conducted to the amplifier by the cables through the inner pipe of the manipulator. In order to approach to the deeply seated tumor through...
In this study we discuss different types of texture features such as Fractal Dimension (FD) and Multifractional Brownian Motion (mBm) for estimating random structures and varying appearance of brain tissues and tumors in magnetic resonance images (MRI). We use different selection techniques including KullBack — Leibler Divergence (KLD) for ranking different texture and intensity features. We then...
This paper describes the initial groundwork carried out as part of the European Commission funded Transatlantic Tumor Model Repositories project, to develop a new markup language for computational cancer modelling, TumorML. In this paper we describe the motivations for such a language, arguing that current state-of-the-art biomodelling languages are not suited to the cancer modelling domain. We go...
Tumor hypoxia is considered a potential therapeutic problem because it reduces the effects of radiation therapy. Clinical experience has shown that long-term tumor oxygenation cannot be achieved with oxygen inhalation, but the mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain unknown. In this study, we designed an optical system for evaluating spatiotem-poral changes in tissue oxygen tension (pO2) by phosphorescence...
Surgery, and specifically, tumor resection, is the primary treatment for most patients suffering from brain tumors. Medical imaging techniques, and in particular, magnetic resonance imaging are currently used in diagnosis as well as image-guided surgery procedures. However, studies show that computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging fail to accurately identify the full extent of malignant...
The usage of video endoscopes in cystoscopic interventions of the urinary bladder impedes an intuitive navigation. Although image-based solutions such as panorama images can provide extended views of the surgical field, a real-time 3-D navigation is not supported. Furthermore, the integration of common tracking systems in ambulant clinics is often hindered due to low usability and high costs. Thus,...
In this paper, we present an interactive method for liver tumor segmentation from computed tomography (CT) scans. After some pre-processing operations, including liver parenchyma segmentation and liver contrast enhancement, the CT volume is partitioned into a large number of catchment basins under watershed transform. Then a support vector machines (SVM) classifier is trained on the user-selected...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after focused ultrasound (FUS) exposure and to investigate if such an approach increases the tumor-to-ipsilateral brain permeability ratio. Normal rats and F98 glioma-bearing rats were injected intravenously with Evans blue (EB); these treatments took place with or without BBB disruption induced by transcranial...
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new minimally invasive technique to kill tumors and other undesirable tissue in a non-thermal manner. During an IRE treatment, a series of short and intense electric pulses are delivered to the region of interest to destabilize the cell membranes in the tissue and achieve spontaneous cell death. The alteration of the cellular membrane results in a dramatic increase...
In this paper, we discuss a new method of controlling heating location in the proposed resonant cavity applicator. A dielectric bolus was used to non-invasively treat brain tumors. We have already confirmed that our heating system using resonant cavity is useful to non-invasively heat brain tumors. In order to heat tumors occurring at various locations, it is necessary to control the heating area...
In this paper, heating properties of the proposed hyperthermia system for non-invasive treatment of deep tumors are discussed. Our heating system is composed of a large size resonant cavity applicator. In this heating method, a human body is placed between the two inner electrodes. It is heated by electromagnetic fields stimulated in the cavity without contact between the surface of the human body...
We study the dynamics of tumor cell progression as growth factors and ionizing radiation (IR) combine to modify cellular microenvironments. Breast tumor growth depends on the behavior of cancer cells in their microenvironment, and both components are affected by IR fractionation parameters. TGF-β1 promotes differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, which stiffens the extracellular matrix (ECM)...
Respiratory gating and tumor tracking are two promising motion-adaptive lung cancer treatments, minimizing incidence and severity of normal tissues and precisely delivering radiation dose to the tumor. Accurate respiration measurement is important in respiratory-gated radiotherapy. Conventional gating techniques are either invasive to the body or bring insufficient accuracy and discomfort to the patients...
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