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In reading Computed Tomography (CT) scans with potentially malignant lung nodules, radiologists make use of high level information (semantic characteristics) in their analysis. Computer-Aided Diagnostic Characterization (CADc) systems can assist radiologists by offering a “second opinion” — predicting these semantic characteristics for lung nodules. In this work, we propose a way of predicting the...
Advances in medical imaging and screening tests have made possible the detection and diagnosis of many diseases in their early stages. Those advances have enabled more effective planning, execution, and monitoring of a treatment plan. However, early detection has also resulted in an increase of the number of longitudinal radiographs requested for most patients, thus increasing the risk for potential...
Patients in an ICU may receive daily chest x-rays. These x-rays are taken manually and may be at different phases of respiration, which limits their clinical usefulness. We examine design issues around automatically synchronizing an x-ray and ventilator in an interoperable manner, including requirements on the individual devices and new safety hazards introduced by connecting them into a system.
We present a framework for identifying disease states by classifying cells in the pathological regions of tissues into different categories. We use conditional random fields (CRF) to incorporate characteristics of cells and their spatial distributions. The efficacy of CRF to model cell-cell feature interactions is demonstrated by using a lung tissue dataset and a synthesized cancer tissue dataset...
A novel energy function for computing planar optical flow from X-ray CT images was presented and reported in detail in [1]. The technique combines four terms: brightness constancy, gradient constancy, continuity equation based on mass conservation, and discontinuity-preserving spatio-temporal smoothness. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the proposed method demonstrated that the method...
This paper gives a short review of research on ballistocardiography in microgravity and indicates the benefits from this research for the use of BCG as a terrestrial cardiac monitoring system. In the past, 3-D methods required large devices to decouple the subject from the terrestrial environment and hence, BCG on Earth is usually limited to unidirectional recordings of the motion in the head-to-foot...
Purpose: To date, few methods have been accepted for assessing the respiratory system compliance (Crs) in patients under assisted ventilation at the bedside. The aim of this study was to evaluate our adaptive time slice method (ATSM) to continuously calculate the Crs. Methods: One breath is divided into several time periods (slices). For each slice, a compliance value Ci is calculated. The slice width...
Radio frequency ablation (RFA) for lung cancer has increasingly been used over the past few years because RFA is minimally invasive treatment for patients. As a feature of RFA for the lung cancer, lung has the air having low thermal conductivity. Therefore, RFA for lung has the advantage that only the tumor is coagulated because heating area is confined to the immediate vicinity of the heating point...
A new index to assess left ventricular (LV) function in patients implanted with continuous flow left-ventricular assist devices (LVADs) is proposed. Derived from the pump flow signal, this index is defined as the coefficient (k) of the semiloga-rithmic relationship between “pseudo-ejection” fraction (pEF) and the volume discharged by the pump in diastole, (V d). pEF is defined as the ratio of the...
The goal of this paper is to infer the signaling pathway related to lung cancer using Reverse Phase Protein Microarray (RPPM), which provides information on post-translational phosphorylation events. The computational inferring of pathways is obtained by performing Bayesian network in combination with prior knowledge from Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI). A clustering based Linear Programming Relaxation...
Lung imaging and assessment of alveoli geometry in the lung tissue is of great importance. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a real-time imaging technique used for this purpose, based on near-infrared interferometry, that can image several layers of distal alveoli in the lung tissue. The OCT measurements use low coherence interferometry, where light reflections from surfaces in the tissue are...
In this paper we describe the development of a screening system for pulmonary pathologies (i.e. pneumonia, tuberculosis) application in global healthcare settings. As a first step toward this goal, the paper presents a novel approach for detecting lungs and ribs in chest radiographs. The approach is a unified method combining two detection schemes resulting in reduced cost. The novelty of our approach...
Pulmonary crackles are used as indicators for the diagnosis of different pulmonary disorders. Crackles are very common adventitious sounds which have transient characteristic. From the characteristics of crackles such as timing and number of occurrences, the type and the severity of the pulmonary diseases can be obtained. In this study, a novel method is proposed for crackle detection. In this method,...
Nearly 25% of patients diagnosed with early-stage non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) are medically inoperable. For these patients, the radial stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), planned and delivered with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) techniques, offers the only curative option. However, IMRT-SBRT has three significant deficiencies: an elevated beam-on time (MU); a reduced...
We have developed a web-based tool to predict lung cancer patient's survival probability using previously developed survivability prediction software architecture. Four statistical models are included in this version, three for non-small cell lung cancer and one for limited-stage small cell lung cancer. To make the software tool more accessible and convenient for doctors and patients in a clinical...
Capnometer has been widely used as a respiratory monitor. Stable carbon dioxide (CO2) monitoring of non-intubated patient is especially problematic due to the frequent occurrence of tube obstruction and it could be even more difficult when oxygen is being administered. Oxygen is often administered by an oxygen mask or oxygen nasal cannula; however there are some problems with these methods. For oxygen...
Segmentation of the lung is particularly difficult because of the large variation in image quality. A modified Hough transform in combination with a mask creation algorithm can robustly determine synchronous respiratory patterns. The synchronicity restriction is relaxed by applying a greedy active contour algorithm. The respiratory patterns define a point cloud near the lung region boundary representing...
Abnormal nodular branching opacities at the lung periphery in Chest Computed Tomography (CT) are termed by radiology literature as tree-in-bud (TIB) opacities. These subtle opacity differences represent pulmonary disease in the small airways such as infectious or inflammatory bronchiolitis. Precisely quantifying the detection and measurement of TIB abnormality using computer assisted detection (CAD)...
Algorithms for improving dosimetry plans for brachytherapy procedures have been developed. In particular, the algorithms focus on creating an optimized dosimetry plan automatically, as well as updating the plan in real time to compensate for errors in seed placements. The overall performance of the algorithms is compared with currently existing dosimetry planning software. The plans are particularly...
In recent years, our group has developed a comprehensive cardiopulmonary (CP) model that comprises the heart, systemic and pulmonary circulations, lung mechanics and gas exchange, tissue metabolism, and cardiovascular and respiratory control mechanisms. In this paper, we analyze the response of the model to hypercapnic conditions and hence focus on the chemoreflex control mechanism. Particularly,...
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