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Polarimetric signatures of oyster reefs in tidal flats were investigated using multi-frequency polarimetric SAR data. The scattering mechanism in tidal flats was analyzed by the Freeman-Durden target decomposition and the target depolarization effect was quantitatively measured using the cross-polarized ratio. Strong multiple scattering and depolarization effect were observed in oyster reefs areas...
This paper describes the implementation of an efficient implementation of a Fast Factorized Back Projection (FFBP) algorithm for Circular SAR (CSAR) trajectories for real airborne data. Unlike Fourier-domain based focusing processors, this approach considers the azimuth variance and topography changes with high accuracy, while improving significantly the computational time factor in comparison with...
Several POLInSAR methodologies are based on the concept of polarimetric and interferometric coherence [1]. Many of them assume the scattering mechanisms observed at the two interferometric acquisitions are the same (i.e. equi-scattering mechanism, ESM). However, if the scatterers change, different approaches must be employed. In order to select the appropriate set of algorithms, a test of target stability...
In this tutorial presentation, model-based scattering power decompositions for fully polarimetric SAR data analysis are reviewed, and a relevant four-component scattering power decomposition scheme is presented. Although the method is still not perfect, it provides us with intuitive imaging results by RGB color-coding based on the physical scattering mechanisms. By using a rotation of the coherency...
The ESA funded campaign BioSAR 2010 was carried out at the forestry test site Remningstorp in southern Sweden, in support to the BIOMASS satellite mission under study. Fully polarimetric SAR data were successfully acquired at L- and P-band using ONERA's multi-frequency system SETHI. In addition with other data types gathered, e.g. LiDAR and in-situ measurements, the compiled data set will be used...
We discuss in the paper the use of the Riemannian mean given by the differential geometric tools. This geometric mean is used in this paper for computing the centers of class in the polarimetric H/α unsupervised classification process. We can show that the centers of class will remain more stable during the iteration process, leading to a different interpretation of the H/α/A classification. This...
This paper proposes a new polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) calibration method that applies an incoherent decomposition model to the uncalibrated covariance data measured for the forest and surface, and determines the polarimetric distortion matrix (PDM). The Freeman-Durden model [1] is used to express the polarization dependent signal reflection from and penetration through the forest...
This investigation presents an improved methodology for decomposing the fully polarimetric SAR data based on the 4-Component Scattering Power Decomposition (4-CSPD) scheme. Using a phase rotation of 3×3 coherency matrix and the minimization of phase rotated matrix element T33, 4-CSPD model has been applied on fully polarimetric SAR images. This new decomposition methodology shows accurate decomposition...
Statistical resolution limit (SRL) is a simple metric that provides the highest resolution achievable by any unbiased parametric spectral estimator. In this paper, the SRL of polarimetric radar is derived and compared with that of single polarization radar. The SRL is defined using the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) of signal parameters for the cases where two point targets are closely located. It is shown...
In this work we review the PSI polarimetric optimization method firstly introduced in [1] and apply it to a larger stack of images, in order to confirm its suitability for the obtainment of accurate deformation maps. The approach achieves a higher density of points with valid deformation information compared to single-pol data, thus confirming the expected improvement. For a more visual insight of...
This paper explores polarization optimization of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, constrained to maximize some biophysical data conditions, such as the residual sum of squares (RSS). Based on a-priori information, the optimization helps to identify the polarization most sensitive (and least sensitive) to the quantity of interest, with best predictive characteristics. In this presentation, the...
In the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Japan (NICT), we have developed an advanced X-band airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system, Pi-SAR2, since 2006, to succeed the X-band polarimetirc and interferometric airborne SAR, Pi-SAR. The Pi-SAR2 has a higher spatial resolution of 0.3–0.6 m in the azimuth direction and 0.3–0.5 m in the range direction, as well as...
We investigate the dependence of polarimetric decomposition techniques upon terrain and vegetation canopy properties. We establish a physics-based model which highlights the interdependence of scattering mechanisms, and employ a simulation which encapsulates this combination of scattering theory and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging theory. We use the simulation to calculate polarimetric SAR...
In this paper we provide a review of developments in the field of polarimetric SAR interferometry or POLInSAR, beginning with its origins in data from the SIR-C mission in 1994 and culminating in its latest application to Tandem-X, a space-borne single pass X-Band interferometer launched in 2010. Linking these two important developments in technology we trace the parallel development of signal processing,...
This paper presents the comparison between the potential of SAR data in compact polarimetry (CP) and full polarimetry mode for snow detection. Eigenvalues based analysis and developed procedure have been used for this inter-comparison. It has been found over the part of rugged Siachen glaciated terrain, Indian Himalaya that dual polarization and compact polarization mode show ∼ 30% and ∼ 15% less...
Advanced Land Observation Satellite-2 (ALOS-2) is a space borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system, which is the follow-on L-SAR satellite mission of ALOS. Compared to the previous mission ALOS/PALSAR, the new L-band SAR system is capable of achieving both high resolution (down to 1m) and wide swath (up to 500km), with an improved image quality. The hardware (H/W) of ALOS-2, including L-band SAR...
Visual interpretation of SAR images plays a critical role in remote sensing applications. For rapidly obtaining the image suitable for human observation, a new method of visualization for SAR images is proposed in this paper. The statistics of the SAR data, including the single channel data intensity and the span of the Pol-SAR data, are derived. The proposed method is a parameterized method based...
Discontinuities in polarimetric SAR backscattered intensity (edges and point targets) can be characterized by a mathematical model. This paper presents a technique based on the Lipschitz regularity of an underlying singular function for detecting and interpreting such discontinuities. Numerical estimators of the Lipschitz parameters (exponent, swing and smoothing kernel variance) are implemented by...
Discrimination or separation of built-up areas is an issue in urban area analysis using POLSAR data. In this study, two polarization orientation angles from two look directions (ascending and descending orbits) are used. ALOS PALSAR data analysis shows that single look direction is insufficient and possibly leads misunderstandings. By the proposed technique, built-up areas were well discriminated,...
The goal of this study is to show the potential of a compact-pol SAR system for vegetation applications. Compact-pol concept has been suggested to minimize the system design while maximize the information and is declined as the π/4, π/2 and hybrid modes. In this paper, the applications such as biomass and vegetation height estimates are first presented, then, the equivalence between compact-pol data...
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