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This paper aims to investigate how robotic devices can be used to understand the mechanism of sensorimotor adaptation in pediatric subjects affected by hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Previous studies showed how healthy adults, after training in presence of a systematic structured disturbing force field, show an “after effect” and therefore they highly adapt and compensate the external disturbance. An...
Various rehabilitation systems have been developed to deliver therapy for hemiplegic patients. Fugl- Meyer scale and Motor Power Score were common used methods to evaluate training effect and validate the developed systems. However, these assessments were involved with some inevitable subjective factors of therapists. In order to objectively evaluate the effect of a bimanual training that performed...
Corticostriatal dynamics exhibit gross alterations over the course of natural motor learning, yet little is known about the role they play in neuroprosthetic tasks. We therefore investigated interactions between the striatum and primary motor cortex while rats learned to control a brain-machine interface. Striatal firing rates increased greatly from early to late in learning, suggesting that the striatum...
Practical Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) for disabled people should allow them to use all their remaining functionalities as control possibilities. Sometimes these people have residual activity of their muscles, most likely in the morning when they are not exhausted. In this work we fuse electromyographic (EMG) with electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in the framework of a so called “Hybrid-BCI”...
An online neuro-robotic platform in the form of a small vehicle, the “RatCar” has been developed. First, a rat had neural electrodes implanted in the motor cortices to record extracellular potentials. Then, our system combined the rat and its vehicle body by hanging the rat under its floor. In this paper, an experimental platform is proposed to observe and analyze motor commands by correlating neural...
For individuals with mobility limitations, powered wheelchair systems provide improved functionality, increased access to healthcare, education and social activities. Input devices such as joystick and switches can provide the necessary input required for efficient control of the powered wheelchair. For persons with limited dexterity, or fine control of the fingers, access to mechanical hardware such...
Understanding the relationship between neural activity in motor cortex and muscle activity during movements is important both for basic science and for the design of neural prostheses. While there has been significant work in decoding muscle EMG from neural data, decoders often require many parameters which make the analysis susceptible to overfitting, which reduces generalizability and makes the...
Functional connectivity in the resting state based on BOLD functional MRI (fMRI) has been used mainly to observe brain networks while subjects `do nothing'. The same principle, however, can be used for any other steady-state brain condition. In this study, we compared the connectivity of the motor area during simple finger tapping with and without real time neuro-feedback of the activation in the...
Plasticity is a crucial component of normal brain function and a critical mechanism for recovery from injury. Numerous experimental studies have attempted to elucidate its underlying mechanisms under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Short latency, associative pairing of presynaptic “trigger” spiking with stimulus-induced postsynaptic depolarization of a target neuron has been shown to lead to...
The design of Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) neural decoders that have robust performance in changing environments encountered in daily life activity is a challenging problem. One solution to this problem is the design of neural decoders that are able to assist and adapt to the user by participating in their perception-action-reward cycle (PARC). Using inspiration both from artificial intelligence...
To patients who have lost the functionality of their hands as a result of a severe spinal cord injury or brain stroke, the development of new techniques for grasping is indispensable for reintegration and independency in daily life. Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) of residual muscles can reproduce the most dominant grasping tasks and can be initialized by brain signals. However, due to the...
The development of rehabilitation engineering technologies such as the design of smart prosthetics necessitates a deep understanding of brain mechanisms engaged in ecological situations when human interact with new tools and/or environments. Thus, we aimed to investigate potential hemodynamic signatures reflecting the level of cognitive-motor performance and/or the internal or mental states of individuals...
The purpose of this study is to discuss the mechanism of brain injury experimentally paying attention to the pressure changes on the surface of a brain agar phantom generated by a cavitation. In this paper, first, an experimental system for performing an simple impact experiment is presented. A simple human head model consists of a skull, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue, represented by...
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) open a new valuable communication channel for people with severe neurological or motor degenerative diseases, such as ALS patients. On the other hand, the ability to teleoperate robots in a remote scenario provides a physical entity embodied in a real environment ready to perceive, explore, and interact. The combination of both functionalities provides a system with...
In this work, we took the analysis of neural interaction based on the data recorded from the motor cortex of a monkey, when it was trained to complete multi-targets reach-to-grasp tasks. As a recently proved effective tool, Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) was applied to model and infer interactions of dependence between neurons. In the results, the gained networks of neural interactions, which correspond...
The activation of neural ensembles in the cortex is correlated with behavioral states and a change in neuronal functional connectivity patterns is expected. In this paper, we investigate this dynamic nature of functional connectivity in the cortex. Because of the time scale of behavior, a robust method with limited sample size is desirable. In light of this, we utilize mean square contingency (MSC)...
This study investigated the decoding of imagined arm movements from M1 in an individual with high level tetraplegia. The participant was instructed to imagine herself performing a series of single-joint arm movements, aided by the visual cue of an animate character performing these movements. System identification was used offline to predict the trajectories of the imagined movements and compare these...
Hemodynamically induced stress plays an important role in the progression and rupture of cerebral aneurysms. The current work describes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations in anatomically realistic models of cerebral aneurysms. Twenty lateral aneurysms models were investigated. The models were obtained from three-dimensional rotational angiographic imaging data and CFD were studied under...
Lapses in responsiveness (`lapses'), particularly microsleeps and attention lapses, are complete disruptions in performance from ~0.5-15 s. They are of particular importance in the transport sector in which there is a need to maintain sustained attention for extended periods and in which lapses can lead to multiple-fatality accidents.
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