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The objective of this paper is to combine the antenna downtilt selection with the cell size selection in order to reduce the overall radio frequency (RF) transmission power in the homogeneous High-Speed Packet Downlink (HSDPA) cellular radio access network (RAN). The analysis is based on the concept of small cells deployment. The energy consumption ratio (ECR) and the energy reduction gain (ERG) of...
The growing energy consumption driven by dramatic increases in the number of users and data usage becomes the key issue for operators in meeting demands on cost reduction and environmental impact targets. Deployment of low power base stations or relay stations in traditional macro cells is expected to reduce the total energy consumption of cellular radio networks. This paper investigates the cell's...
In this paper we present an architectural analysis of a smart DMA (sDMA) controller for protocol stack acceleration in mobile devices supporting 3GPP's Long Term Evolution (LTE). This concept already demonstrated a significant performance benefit over conventional approaches by on-the-fly header decoding and deciphering for the data plane of the LTE protocol stack layer 2 in downlink direction. With...
This paper presents a connectivity improvement strategy for sparse free-flow Vehicular Ad hoc Networks(VANETs) subject to channel randomness. We first model the connectivity of VANETs in the form of mean broadcast percolation distance based on the equivalent M/G/∞ queue theory. Thereafter, to address the problem of poor connectivity in sparse VANETs, a distributed connectivity improvement strategy...
In order to monitor continuously moving phenomena such as wile fire and hazardous bio-chemical material in wireless sensor network, boundary tracking approach has been widely used by reason of its huge scale and extensive diffusion property. With the boundary tracking scheme, the energy efficiency is expected to improve if only sensor nodes near the boundary of continuous object actively participate...
Continuous growth of cellular subscribers as well as demands for high-speed and high-quality multimedia services have made it necessary to increase system capacity and data rate. On the other hand, the energy consumed goes up accordingly as the data rates increases. Therefore, designing an efficient resources allocation scheme and architecture to improve the output performance and reduce energy consumption...
Mobile communications are increasingly contributing to global energy consumption. The EARTH (Energy Aware Radio and neTworking tecHnologies) project tackles the important issue of reducing CO2 emissions by enhancing the energy efficiency of cellular mobile networks. EARTH is a holistic approach to develop a new generation of energy efficient products, components, deployment strategies and energy-aware...
We present the derivation of a novel metric for the performance prediction of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In particular, the metric can be applied in, for example, monitoring and surveillance applications where WSNs are used. Those networks execute protocols or techniques that are often sensitive to spatial correlation. The proposed metric is based on the correlation in the sensed phenomenon...
In a wireless sensor network (WSN) with specially deployed cluster heads (CHs), association relation between sensor nodes and the CHs is important as it affects the radio resource allocations, which further determine the overall network throughput, energy consumption, and other performance. In a lot of cases, the CHs are placed in random locations, and strong overlapping may exist between their coverage...
Mobile Sensor Networks (MSN) are used for network load balancing, prolonging network lifetime, and improving network coverage by monitoring critical areas where manual sensor deployment cannot be performed. Addressing the problem of how to achieve maximum network coverage and network uniformity, after deploying sensors in critical areas randomly, is of significant importance recently. In this paper,...
The pressure of the energy bill from operators and the request of the environmental protection from the governments and publics results in more urgent requirement on the energy consumption and CO2 emission. Traditionally, adaptive modulation has been proven to be an efficient solution to improve the system performance over the radio fading channels. To obtain the design insights for energy efficient...
We consider relay selection technique in a cooperative cellular network where user terminals act as mobile relays to help the communications between base station (BS) and mobile station (MS). A novel relay selection scheme, called Joint Uplink and Downlink Relay Selection (JUDRS), is proposed in this paper. Specifically, we generalize JUDRS in two key aspects: (i) relay is selected jointly for uplink...
Since a large number of femtocells may coexist in one macrocell area, interference management becomes a major issue in the deployment of femtocells, and therefore has been researched actively. In the IEEE 802.16m, one way to mitigate interference is Low Duty Operation (LDO) Mode for femtocells. Femtocell in the LDO mode changes alternately between available interval and unavailable interval. During...
In this paper, we propose an improved gradient-based micro sensor routing protocol (GMSRP) using a node sleep scheduling mechanism, to save energy for sensor nodes, called the GMSRP-SLE. This algorithm takes into account the characteristic of most applications in WSNs, i.e.,the sensor nodes are deployed randomly with some areas covered by many sensor nodes at same time. During network initialization,...
Energy consumption and network connectivity are two of the important research issues that are yet to be resolved in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). As taken advantage of in static networks, reliable topology control algorithms are also considered to be a good approach for mobile networks. However, a more adequate evaluation of these algorithms regarding mobility is still needed. In this paper, we...
We investigated consumer attitudes towards energy consumption of mobile phones and mobile services with a questionnaire study among Finnish university students (N = 150). Our questions covered topics like how battery consumption affected phone and application selection and configuration, what effect different battery levels had on user behavior, what kind of recharging policies were used, how satisfied...
This paper compares the amount of net energy used in the transmission segment of a multi-hop wireless relay network versus the single-hop system. It focuses on the computation of the power budget and is valid for half-duplex, full-duplex, downlink and uplink scenarios. The study shows that, contrary to a usual assumption today, the net amount of energy used by the multi-hop system may be higher than...
Based on the empirical studies of approximate linear correlation between transmission power and link quality, we propose a multi-power opportunistic routing scheme with network coding for wireless sensor networks. A new routing metric taking energy consumption and link quality into account is defined, and an optimal transmission power and forwarding set selection algorithm is implemented, which is...
The integration of mobile relays in cellular networks has been recently envisioned as a way of increasing system capacity, coverage and reducing communication energy consumption. In we studied how store carry and forward (SCF) relaying within the cell can be utilized as an underlay message forwarding mechanism to achieve system wide energy savings. In this paper, by deriving optimal routing policies...
In this paper, a general framework, called probability-based solution (PBS), is proposed to balance the trade-off between the accessibility (in terms of the success probability to find a route reaching the destination) and the performance (in terms of spectral efficiency, outage probability or energy consumption) of distributed routing schemes in multi-hop wireless networks. In the PBS, the candidate...
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