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The European Union has enacted ambitious targets concerning the implementation of renewable energy sources into the present energy systems. These targets are binding and have stepwise to be fulfilled until the year 2020.
This paper aims at identifying the options for designing an offshore electricity grid and the legal instruments to create such a grid. It will make a first attempt at presenting the technical and legal considerations which coastal states, EU and national legislators and policy makers should take into account in the coming years when planning and weighing their grid design options. By contrast to the...
As interest in renewable energy continues to gain momentum, use of power electronics in both generation and transmission systems has become increasingly important. One device that has enjoyed much interest as of late is the Battery Energy Storage System. Advancements in battery technology coupled with modern power electronics has resulted in a plethora of possibilities for such systems. This paper...
This paper describes the top-down value based transmission planning process for Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study (EWITS) with the consideration of large scale wind generation over the Eastern Interconnect footprint. Achieving 20% to 30% wind energy penetration across the Eastern Interconnect will require significant transmission infrastructure expansion. The transmission overlays developed...
Summary form only given. The paper will discuss the details and the mission of a DOE-funded wind energy consortium for the promotion of research, education, and workforce development.
With the implementation of state renewables portfolio standards (RPS) and serious consideration in Congress of a national RPS, a number of control areas are anticipating scenarios with greater than 20% of renewable electricity, principally wind, as part of the supply mix. At the federal level, H.R. 969 was introduced in the 110th Congress to require that 20% of the nation's electric power be generated...
In urban areas, where land is costly, building integrated wind energy conversion systems can be embedded into the existing infrastructure to meet an increasing load demand. Recently small scale wind turbines (less than 10kw) are installed in great numbers on the roof-top of residential houses, commercial and high rising buildings. This paper presents an overview of the current technologies being implemented...
Summary form only given. The paper presents that smart microgrid could offer a perfect power system with higher reliabilities which could guide customers to lower their costs and utilize electricity more efficiently. The task of improving the efficiency and upgrading the resiliency of the electric grid, in order to support clean and renewable energy, is one we cannot let be exported or delegated overseas...
Wind energy is the fastest growing source of renewable energy in the power industry and it will continue to grow worldwide as many countries are developing plans for its future development. For power system operators, this increasing contribution of wind energy to the grid poses new challenges that need to be addressed in order to ensure the reliability and security of the electric power grid. One...
A variety of wind forecasting services are available from multiple providers. Some system operators are even contemplating the use of an ensemble of multiple forecasting services, as is done by some European system operators, since improved wind forecasting has obvious benefits. But even so, the issues around how we use the forecasts to address operational problems are still evolving and we have much...
Economic, technology and environmental incentives are changing the features of electricity generation and transmission. Centralized power systems are giving way to local scale distributed generations. At present, there is a need to assess the effects of large numbers of distributed generators and short-term storage in Microgrid. To accommodate the high demand of renewable energy and the environment...
The control algorithms proposed in the literature so far for the Double Output Induction Machine Based Variable Speed Constant Frequency (VSCF) stand alone generators suffer from the disadvantage of loss of `field orientation' during sudden load disturbance at the machine terminal. As a result, undesirable transients are observed in the load voltage during such transients. This paper presents a new...
High penetration of wind power has posed great challenges to power system operators. Extensive research has been done aiming to improve the power system operations. Various mechanisms such as stochastic unit commitment and reserve calculation methods have been proposed. However, the power system operators may have different views on the research results due to practical constraints. This paper looks...
The present transmission system was not designed to work efficiently as a means of delivering large amounts of renewable energy. Large amounts of wind energy and the RTO energy markets have increased the need for transmission to deliver energy off peak and improve the efficiency of the energy markets. Papers and reports have been written that describe the use of generation optimization and power system...
Integrating a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) with a large wind farm can smooth out the intermittent power from the wind farm. This paper focuses on the experimental validation of the proposed control strategy for the BESS. The paper considers a rule based control scheme, which is the solution of the optimal control problem defined, to incorporate the operating constraints of the BESS, such as...
As wind power achieves higher penetration levels and becomes a more and more substantial portion of our electric energy supply, more stringent requirements are being placed on wind plants. As wind plants displace traditional synchronous generators in terms of percentages, the wind plants must also do their part to maintain stability and reliability of the power system. Modern power electronics are...
The Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA) supports an orderly development of the renewable energy potential on the islands. To attain this goal, PREPA is conducting science-based analytical studies and research to increase knowledge on these technologies. As part of this effort, PREPA commissioned the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) to assess the potential impacts that different penetration...
This paper describes the use of generic wind turbine models to study the comparative inertial response of wind turbine technologies, that is, their response to a frequency event on the grid such as loss of generation. The dynamic models are manufacturer-independent and portable to any dynamic modeling software. Four dominant types of wind turbine technology are modeled; the basic fixed-speed model...
This paper discusses about the ride-through capability of a large induction-generator based wind park with different reactive power support solutions. Three different solutions have been compared and it has been shown that conventional switching of capacitors is able to help the wind park meet the Nordel gird code requirements on low voltage ride-through. The requirements on rating are shown to be...
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