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President Obama called for doubling the share of renewable energy in the nation's supply in three years. California has a renewable energy target of 33% percent by 2030. These bold commitments need transformational strategies to achieve them. Government policies to achieve the ultimate goal of carbon reduction in electric energy systems are to (i) increase renewable penetration, and to (ii) introduce...
This paper presents the results of studies which applies a multi-objective optimization function for the management of a solar based DC spacecraft network of the ring bus topology. The optimization function is utilized which features the objectives of optimizing the utilization of solar energy to continually meet the needs of the network while minimizing battery discharge current and current flows...
A confluence of industry drivers including increased deployment of renewable generation, cost for managing grid peak demands, and capital investments in grid infrastructure for reliability and smart grid initiatives are creating a new interest in electric energy storage systems. This paper will review the role and value of energy storage systems to the electric grid. It will present findings from...
The application of phasor technology is one of the most important next steps in the enhancement of power systems for smart grid technology. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data is here and firmly established as vital to forensic studies. The electric utility industry is now moving at an accelerated pace with new initiatives to bring PMU data into the real-time fold. This panel paper highlights six areas...
Methods have previously been developed that improve the computational efficiency and convergence of Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) when computing the reliability indices of power systems. One of these techniques works by pruning the state space in such a manner that the MCS samples a state space that has a higher density of failure states than the original state space. This paper presents a new approach...
This paper describes an alternative method for grid expansion planning considering construction cost, probabilistic production cost, congestion cost and outage cost of a grid at a composite power system derived from a simulation model. In this paper, a heuristic scenario method is proposed to choose the least cost solution (scenario) among various scenarios considering candidate new lines. The characteristics...
Calculating the reliability of the power grid is difficult because it is made up of thousands of components and even though the failure mode of each component may be known, they are not independent of each other. Thus the models required to conduct reliability analysis are difficult to develop and are often complex enough to make the techniques for analysis very cumbersome. Usually controllers like...
This paper reviews six IVGTF tasks related to interconnection and operating requirements, and provides a report on their objectives, milestones and status. The three interconnection tasks are: Interconnection Requirements Enhancement (Task 1.3); Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) Requirements (Task 1.7); and Balancing Authority (BA) Communications (Task 2.2). The three operating tasks are: Incorporating...
Demand Response (DR) provides mechanisms and incentives for utilities, business and residential customers to reduce energy use (and costs) during time of peak demand or when system reliability is at risk. DR is considered by CPUC, DOE and FERC as one of high-priority Smart-Grid Functionalities. FERC has developed a national action plan on demand response, recognizing that a more extensive use of demand...
This paper addresses the vulnerability analysis of the electric grid under terrorist threat. This problem is formulated as a mixed-integer non-linear bilevel program. In the upper-level optimization, the terrorist agent maximizes the damage caused in the power system, which is measured in terms of the level of system load shed. On the other hand, in the lower-level optimization, the system operator...
Reliability of distribution systems is an important issue in power engineering for both utilities and customers. Power distribution reliability is closely related to individual component reliability. In this paper, the reliability as measured by certain count indices, mainly the System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) and the System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI), is quantified...
Capacity markets have been launched at several ISOs in the US. Many questions arise: Is a capacity market for missing money or reliability? What is a capacity product? How to price the capacity product? These questions are nontrivial and have been discussed in the literature mostly from the economics perspective. This paper attempts to address them from both economics and engineering perspectives...
Modern power grids with their physical current-carrying components and the embedded computer, communication and control networks are fast emerging as one of the largest and most complex cyber-physical systems. The addition of more sensing, communication, variable power sources and storage under the renewable energy thrust and smart grid initiative will add even higher orders of dimensionality and...
The paper focuses on reliability assessment of power systems with wind power generation. A Monte Carlo based production cost simulation model is introduced in the paper. The model closely simulates actual system operation processes and takes system random behaviors into account. A simplified unit commitment method is created to fit the simulation for reliability evaluation purpose. The effects of...
Smart grid technologies in combination with the methodological foundation laid by the economic theory of Priority Service, enable the conversion of electric service reliability from a public good to a private good. Such a transformation is achieved by offering electricity service as a product line differentiated according to service reliability from which customers can self-select the level of reliability...
State and potential federal policies are expected to increase renewable generation in North America in the immediate future. Much of this growth will be from variable resources such as wind generation and solar photovoltaic (PV). As the amount of variable generation increases, the reliability of the bulk power system can be negatively impacted if provisions are not made to accommodate the additional...
Microgrids are defined as an area of network that is capable of operating autonomously from the rest of the electricity system. They achieve this by containing enough energy resources to meet all incorporated electrical (and thermal) loads, and by coordinating control in order to meet the participants' aims, and afford adequate quality/reliability of power and heat supply. From an economic point-of-view,...
A robust methodology for estimating the value of service reliability improvements is presented. Although econometric models for estimating value of service (interruption costs) have been established and widely accepted, analysts often resort to applying relatively crude interruption cost estimation techniques in assessing the economic impacts of transmission and distribution investments. This paper...
Power system restructuring with high renewable energy penetration has created some new problems for reliability evaluation. One of the problems is the large computation time due to the increased number of renewable generators. In this regard, the reliability network equivalent techniques have been introduced to simplify calculation. These techniques are simpler than the conventional contingency enumeration...
It is critically important for improving the wide area situation awareness of the operators or operational engineers and regional reliability coordinators of a large interconnected systems to prevent large scale cascading system outages. This paper describes an advanced wide-area power system visualization application (WAPSVA) for the real-time reliability monitoring using real-time synchrophasor...
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