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An 80 kW `Proof of Concept' generator with 35 pole pair, surface mounted permanent magnet rotor, 60 tooth coils, fractional slot per pole per phase stator, air-cooled, synchronous generator has been built and tested. This paper documents laboratory tests performed in the GE Global Research Europe lab facility. The paper reports about testing and comparison to simulation tools. The main focus of the...
The combination of extensive cable networks and wind turbine converters has been identified as a potential cause of resonances. A modelling approach for a doubly fed induction generator and a full power converter fed generator for harmonic penetration studies is developed and discussed. An example offshore wind farm is then studied in the simulation package IPSA using the detailed wind turbine generator...
With increasing wind power in power systems, impact of wind generators on subsynchronous resonance (SSR) is of interest. Previous research has shown the impact of wind generation on SSR. In this paper, a control strategy is developed utilizing the power converters' control capability in a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine system. The control is realized through modulating the...
Current grid codes require the fault ride-through capability of modern wind turbines. During grid faults the reactive current control of the wind turbines should be used to support the grid voltage. With modern protection devices the fault durations are normally in a range of some hundred milliseconds or less. However this time window may be decisive for the stability of the conventional generators...
This paper presents a new method of using co-ordinated control and short term wind speed prediction to smooth the output of an array of wind turbines. The proposed controller uses knowledge of the kinetic energy storage potential in the rotor disc to allow production of piecewise static power outputs from variable wind inputs. Previous studies have shown that there are large peaks in wind power variability...
In urban areas, where land is costly, building integrated wind energy conversion systems can be embedded into the existing infrastructure to meet an increasing load demand. Recently small scale wind turbines (less than 10kw) are installed in great numbers on the roof-top of residential houses, commercial and high rising buildings. This paper presents an overview of the current technologies being implemented...
A nonlinear adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) based controller is proposed for power electronic systems (PES) of grid connected unified doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG). The unified DFIG utilizes an additional series grid-side converter (SGSC) connected in series with the stator winding of the DFIG to inject voltage into the grid for compensation purposes. The SGSC is useful in tolerating...
Wind energy is the fastest growing source of renewable energy in the power industry and it will continue to grow worldwide as many countries are developing plans for its future development. For power system operators, this increasing contribution of wind energy to the grid poses new challenges that need to be addressed in order to ensure the reliability and security of the electric power grid. One...
This paper studies the short-term grid voltage stability of double cage induction generators in fixed speed wind turbines. The performed analysis shows that for voltage stability studies of fixed speed wind turbines with induction generators (either single or double cage), the mechanical rotor turbine model is preferable as a detailed aerodynamic model. Simulations of the suggested modeling approaches...
The control algorithms proposed in the literature so far for the Double Output Induction Machine Based Variable Speed Constant Frequency (VSCF) stand alone generators suffer from the disadvantage of loss of `field orientation' during sudden load disturbance at the machine terminal. As a result, undesirable transients are observed in the load voltage during such transients. This paper presents a new...
Increasing number of wind farms (WFs) connected to power systems calls for efficient aggregate models so that large farms can be represented by only few equivalent wind turbines for steady state and dynamic system studies. A wind power plant consists of many small generators inside a wind farm. Future wind projects predict even greater number of wind turbines inside a wind farm for increased capacity...
This paper presents the results of developing a magnetic field sensor that measures the air-gap flux inside an operating switched reluctance motor. Employing the giant magnetoresistive (GMR) effect associated with copper-cobalt nanowires, the computation of instantaneous torque in a switched reluctance machine is developed for real-time applications. Consideration is given to the number of sensors...
This paper presents a new, importantly improved, approach to Global Transient Stability-Constrained Optimal Power Flow (TSC-OPF). The main practical difficulty of global TSC-OPF has always been the huge dimension of its resulting optimization problem, since all the different approaches of this type reported in the literature require discretizing and including part of the time-domain simulation as...
This report is an annual progress report by the Generator Subcommittee of the Electrical Machinery Committee of the IEEE Power and Energy Society, Working Group No. 8 (“IEEE C50.13 Review & Compare”). This working group is tasked to compare the 2005 revision of the IEEE C50.13 standard for large round rotor synchronous generators with recent revisions of comparable International Electrotechnical...
This paper provides an overview of four distinct applications of advanced permanent magnet machine technologies. It describes the specific application benefits that are accomplished with permanent magnet solutions for Oil&Gas, aviation, automotive, and wind turbine applications. The technology development for these four first-of-a-kind machines is presented, each of which advancing the state of...
This paper describes the use of generic wind turbine models to study the comparative inertial response of wind turbine technologies, that is, their response to a frequency event on the grid such as loss of generation. The dynamic models are manufacturer-independent and portable to any dynamic modeling software. Four dominant types of wind turbine technology are modeled; the basic fixed-speed model...
This paper presents a novel controller for damping unstable torsional oscillations caused by Subsynchronous Resonance (SSR) phenomenon. The controller is based on the delayed feedback control theory. The first system of the IEEE Second Benchmark Model is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the controller which uses the synchronous generator rotor angular speed as the sole input signal. The output...
Locational marginal price (LMP) is a fundamental principle in the majority of electricity markets and is increasingly being employed at a number of ISO's such as PJM, california ISO, etc. It is essential to obtain the accurate value of LMPs. This paper presents an OPF formulation with a composite dynamic load models which is a composite of ZIP and induction motor loads. An improved locational marginal...
This paper investigates the settings of the generator out of step protection relays (ANSI device 78) for all six gas and steam turbine generators used in a grid connected CHP power plant. Detailed model of the CHP power system is developed in PSCAD/EMTDC tool which includes a representation of the synchronous generator, turbine governor, Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR), Power System Stabilizer (PSS),...
In this paper, a robust self-tuning fuzzy speed controller for direct torque control using space vector modulation (SVM) technique is proposed for the high performance drives of induction motor. The design of robust self-tuning fuzzy speed controller greatly affects the performance of Induction Motor (IM) fed with a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). The performance of the proposed self-tuning Fuzzy PI...
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