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President Obama called for doubling the share of renewable energy in the nation's supply in three years. California has a renewable energy target of 33% percent by 2030. These bold commitments need transformational strategies to achieve them. Government policies to achieve the ultimate goal of carbon reduction in electric energy systems are to (i) increase renewable penetration, and to (ii) introduce...
The climate of Tunisia, located in North Africa, is favorable to the use of solar energy. This location exhibits some of the highest insolation levels on earth making it an attractive location for photovoltaic (PV) power applications. In comparison to grid power, PV power is still not competitive. However, there are many small, remote locations in Tunisia which rely on diesel generators for electric...
This paper is an industrial update on the development of Photovoltaic (PV) Technology. It highlights the three major current types of PV: Crystalline, Thin Film and Nanotechnology. The aim of the development in PV technology is to improve the efficiency of the cells while reducing the production cost of the modules. This variety of PV technologies is still under development to enhance the deployment...
Hybrid renewable energy systems are demonstrated around the world. Some of the systems can be operated in both on-grid and off-grid modes. Some other systems are operated in on-grid mode, but try to minimize the electricity flow as much as possible. Demonstrations in Japan, Hawaii, Norway, and other areas are introduced as examples of the hybrid renewable energy systems.
A small scale distributed generation system was designed, built and evaluated over the past 23 years at the University of Massachusetts Lowell (UML). This paper highlights both previous and current research that is being done on the system.
As interest in renewable energy continues to gain momentum, use of power electronics in both generation and transmission systems has become increasingly important. One device that has enjoyed much interest as of late is the Battery Energy Storage System. Advancements in battery technology coupled with modern power electronics has resulted in a plethora of possibilities for such systems. This paper...
With the recent emphasis on environmental issues and concerns for global warming, many states have adopted aggressive Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) requiring electricity suppliers to obtain a minimum percentage of their power from renewable energy resources by a given date. Among various states, California leads with an RPS of 20% by 2010, and 33% by 2020. Most renewable resources, by their...
As the issues on market deregulation and renewable energy utilization are gaining significance, distributed generators are planned and installed in distribution systems to supply consumers directly. The distribution system is, therefore facing new challenges on its dynamic behavior with the addition of new dynamic devices. This paper investigates the small signal stability of renewable energy based...
In urban areas, where land is costly, building integrated wind energy conversion systems can be embedded into the existing infrastructure to meet an increasing load demand. Recently small scale wind turbines (less than 10kw) are installed in great numbers on the roof-top of residential houses, commercial and high rising buildings. This paper presents an overview of the current technologies being implemented...
Summary form only given. The paper presents that smart microgrid could offer a perfect power system with higher reliabilities which could guide customers to lower their costs and utilize electricity more efficiently. The task of improving the efficiency and upgrading the resiliency of the electric grid, in order to support clean and renewable energy, is one we cannot let be exported or delegated overseas...
Wind energy is the fastest growing source of renewable energy in the power industry and it will continue to grow worldwide as many countries are developing plans for its future development. For power system operators, this increasing contribution of wind energy to the grid poses new challenges that need to be addressed in order to ensure the reliability and security of the electric power grid. One...
With more and more photovoltaic (PV) panels, energy storage devices and other small generators being put into service, it is necessary to integrate them into power systems. Grid integration provides a reliable means for customers to use renewable energy such as solar at its maximum and to use other sources as backup. Inverters are widely used as interfaces for these distribution resources. In this...
In this paper we develop a model of combined heat and power (CHP) dispatch for the system consisting of both thermal generators and wind turbines. In this model, the probability of stochastic wind power is included in the constraint set. This approach avoids the probabilistic infeasibility caused by using the average of random variables. The effects of wind speed on the generated power are investigated...
Economic, technology and environmental incentives are changing the features of electricity generation and transmission. Centralized power systems are giving way to local scale distributed generations. At present, there is a need to assess the effects of large numbers of distributed generators and short-term storage in Microgrid. To accommodate the high demand of renewable energy and the environment...
The present transmission system was not designed to work efficiently as a means of delivering large amounts of renewable energy. Large amounts of wind energy and the RTO energy markets have increased the need for transmission to deliver energy off peak and improve the efficiency of the energy markets. Papers and reports have been written that describe the use of generation optimization and power system...
Smart Grid initiatives proposed by governments and industry organizations have the potential to support carbon mandates/targets. While the options and scope of the changes that might be deployed within the transmission and distribution system to respond to climate change initiatives, is not yet defined they options could include bi-directional power flow, the increased use of distributed variable...
Climate change initiatives proposed by governments and industry organizations have the potential for reallocating trillions of dollars, affecting the way energy is used. The aggressiveness or pace of mandates/targets could lead to different near-term and long-term outcomes, as well as diverse supply-demand for fuel commodities, technology deployments, and cost considerations.
We present an incentive policy design model consisting of lower level and upper level optimization to promote renewable energy. The lower level optimization is a generation expansion planning (GEP) problem, in which the planner aims to expand an energy system's generation capacity to serve projected load with minimum cost. In the upper level optimization, to achieve the goal of specific percentage...
Combined heat and power system (CHP) with renewable energy generation, which operates with high efficiency and low costs, is an important form of microgrid. This paper deals with the problem of economic operation of cogeneration system including wind energy, PV, heat recovery boiler and battery. On the basis of predicting the next 24-hours' wind energy and PV power, power and heat demand, a nonlinear...
In recent years, installation of renewable energy into load supply systems has drastically increased. Load modeling considering dispersed generators is indispensable to improve the accuracy of power system analysis. Most of the installed capacity of dispersed generators currently consist of synchronous generators equipped with excitation controllers with Automatic Q Regulator (AQR) or Automatic Power...
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