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With the emission reduction scheme introduced, increasing number of wind farms have been planned and/or installed in many countries. In this paper, issues with wind power connection to the existing power grid are discussed, with particular emphasize on system operations and planning aspects. In addition to power system analysis, implications of wind power impacts on the electricity market operations...
Merchant transmission projects (MTPs) are primarily market solutions for importing inexpensive power when this energy is available. As a market driven solution, full recovery of the investment is not guaranteed. In general, the recovery is based on transmission service charges and the value of incremental financial transmission rights (FTRs) created by the project. Since FTRs are valuable only when...
Current grid codes require the fault ride-through capability of modern wind turbines. During grid faults the reactive current control of the wind turbines should be used to support the grid voltage. With modern protection devices the fault durations are normally in a range of some hundred milliseconds or less. However this time window may be decisive for the stability of the conventional generators...
Grid integration of wind power plants is complicated by wind variability and the technical characteristics of wind generators. At high levels of wind power penetration, the need for several types of ancillary services increases while the traditional resources that provide those services may become less economic or available. This paper describes a suite of advanced wind plant controllers designed...
The rapid increase in installed distributed generation (DG) has led to concerns about the impact on the proper operation of the protection system. In particular, the limited fault current capability of inverter interfaced distributed generation (IIDG) could lead to malfunctioning of the distribution network protection system which largely relies on overcurrent based protection techniques. The absence...
This paper presents a Bibliography of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) for 2008. It provides a listing of various journal and conference papers in this area.
Ensuring system reliability and security while operating electricity markets is the primary responsibility of independent system operators. Maintaining system security in real-time is a significant challenge due to limited time frame permitted for analyzing and responding to security issues. This paper focuses on the applications designed to address static security in the real-time operations of ERCOT...
Microgrids can be viewed as a group of Distributed Generation (DG) units with the capability of operating connected or isolated from the main grid. Most of the work conducted in the area of microgrids focused on developing new control schemes that can maintain the voltage and frequency within standard limits during grid connected and islanded mode of operation. An issue of equal importance is the...
This paper deals with a voltage and frequency controller (VFC) of a stand-alone wind energy conversion system using an isolated asynchronous generator (IAG) feeding three-phase four-wire loads. The reference generator currents are estimated using the power balance theory to control the voltage and frequency of IAG system. Two-leg reduced switch integrated voltage source converter (VSC) with a battery...
This paper presents a model which can be used to simulate the load acceptance behavior of a diesel generating set. Unlike traditional thermal plants, generating sets (gen-sets) are often expected to undergo large rapid changes in load. A gen-set with a low inertia will naturally be more susceptible to changes in speed. This problem is compounded with the introduction of turbocharged engines. Although...
Wind speed variability generates the main challenges for grid integration of wind power. Worldwide, requirements governing generator connection to the transmission grid evolve as the modern energy industry continues to develop. With increased wind power penetration, wind power plants are required to provide grid support and control actions similar to conventional power plants. Dedicated control systems...
This paper presents an infrastructure and laboratory implementation of a hardware test-bed system emulating alternate sources and conventional power plant emulators connected as a complete power system. The distributed generation components were connected to the test-bed to study the issues of connecting alternates and various types of loads during operations. The various sources and loads can be...
This paper addresses the possibilities to exchange primary reserves within a multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC grid) system as well as between asynchronous ac grids connected through the DC grid. We propose a new method for the challenge of frequency control participation in ac grids connected by a multi-terminal HVDC system. Since HVDC transmission is very often used to exchange a contracted amount of bulk...
The increasing presence of single-phase distributed generators and unbalanced loads in the electric power system may lead to unbalance of the three phase voltages, resulting in increased losses and heating. To decrease this voltage unbalance problem three-phase four-wire inverter-connected distributed generation units may be used. In this paper, the influence of the control strategy of three-phase...
Summary form only given. Increasing connection of variable distributed generation, like wind power, to distribution networks requires new control strategies to provide greater flexibility and use of existing network assets. Active Network Management (ANM) will play a major role in this but there is a continuing need to demonstrate the benefit in facilitating connection of new generation without the...
Due to recent changes in electric power system structure and market driven operational changes electric power system operation has increased in its complexity. Engineers and Energy Management System (EMS) suppliers are driven to enhance existing tools and add new tools for control room operators for consistent and faster decisions. Among the two well recognized quality indicators of electric power...
This paper presents a feedback linearization based controller design methodology for a unified power flow controller (UPFC) to achieve rapid reference signal tracking in the internal level. Feedback linearization control (FBLC) is a nonlinear technique based on differential geometry theory and overcomes the drawback of traditional PI control linearzing at one specific operating condition. FBLC is...
Security constrained optimal VAR despatch using 3500 bus Great Britain transmission planning models is investigated in this paper. The investigation demonstrates the value of applying practical reactive branch flow constraints to generator transformers in order to limit the pre-fault reactive utilization. This research also demonstrates that a multi-staged optimization approach can be used to remove...
This paper presents a performance analysis of wind-powered self-excited induction generator (SEIG) and a vector-controlled PWM converter. Three-phase voltage-source converters are the building blocks of a large number of power electronic systems. The origin of difficulties in the control of the above converters is in their nonlinear nature. The PWM current control technique is used to derive the switching...
In this paper, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based method is developed for quickly estimating the long-term voltage stability margin. The investigation presented in the paper showed that node voltage magnitudes and the phase angles are the best predictors of voltage stability margin. Further, the paper shows that the proposed ANN based method can successfully estimate the voltage stability margin...
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