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This paper describes an approach/philosophy that can be adopted when applying Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) based Protection and Control (P&C) Solutions to Non-Standard substation topology - the approach aims at reducing P&C costs and risks associated with application design errors.
In terms of cost reduction and productivity improvement, the protection, automation and control systems of Portuguese Distribution Substations have experienced major developments during the last three decades. Those changes aimed to increase the quality of service, financial performance, flexibility, reliability and more capacity to monitor and control all the primary equipments of a substation. The...
This paper describes how dynamic line rating (DLR) is applied for load management and protection in two applications to enable a larger penetration of wind generation. One application is installed by Central Networks on a 132kV double-circuit line between Skegness and Boston (North East of England). Another application of the DLR approach is installed by Northern Ireland Electricity (NIE) on the Omagh...
This paper explores the potential future need for fault current limitation in the UK's power system, and some of the technical implications of this change. It is estimated that approximately 300–400 distribution substations will require fault current limitation, based on the statistical analysis of the projected fault level “headroom” (or violation). The analysis uses a UK electrical system scenario...
The paper describes the abstract concept of Process Bus defined in IEC 61850 9-2 and then focuses on the implementation agreement that ensures the interoperability between merging units and protection devices from different manufacturers. The components of the Merging Unit, the requirements for its performance and time synchronization are described. Protection and recording applications based on the...
In 2008 National Grid (UK) implemented a new relay settings process and database system both to facilitate the management of relay settings sheets associated with Multi-Functional Numerical Relays (MFRs) and to ensure the correct application of settings on protection relays on site. This paper describes how this new process and database system enables a reduction in the number of settings sheets,...
To date, the skin effect has not been considered in the analysis of network fault response and the design of protection systems for DC networks. However, the naturally high resonant frequencies of some modern marine and aerospace electrical networks under electrical fault conditions suggest that skin effect should be investigated more closely. The studies reported in this paper compare the system...
An effective introduction of distributed generation (DG) into existing distribution networks (DNs) calls for a review of traditional power system protection concepts and strategies. New issues such as activeness of DNs and bidirectional power flow require new protection solutions. This paper discusses protection issues and challenges arising from the integration of DG into the grid. It presents and...
This paper proposed a method for modelling of power system fault diagnosis process. In this process, electrical power system fault diagnosis needs three kinds of information to identify fault components: protection-breaker associations, breaker-primary component (such as line, transformer, bus and so on) associations and protection-primary component associations. Firstly, the protection setting values...
The complexity of future power networks and the expected high level of uncertainties in these networks might radically affect the required security and reliability of their operation. Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection and Control (WAMPAC) involves the use of system-wide information and the communication of selected local information to a remote location to counteract the propagation of large disturbances...
There are increasing uptaking of distributed generation in distribution networks in the UK due to the increased usage of renewable generations such as windfarms and biomass. Distribution networks were not designed for this purpose and there are concerns on the impact of the generator connection on network protection. This paper gives a brief review of the arrangements of network protection and auto...
The electrical infrastructure will face great challenges with the coming energy transition to a sustainable and differentiated energy supply system. Although the existing grid is of reasonable age we believe that introduction of advanced secondary system technology will prolong the utilization of the current grid and shape it to become a flexible Smart Grid at acceptable cost. A visionary design will...
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