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High transmission bit rate in futuristic mobile channels gives rise to severe ISI and this makes the detection task very challenging. Thus a smart detector such as near maximum likelihood (NML) detector is needed and is the subject of study in this paper. Performance assessment of near-optimal NML detectors over such channels assumes great importance. Variation in performance of NMLD using different...
A novel current-mode neural circuit employing non-linear feedback to solve a system of simultaneous linear equations is presented. The circuit has an associated transcendental energy function that ensures fast convergence to the exact solution while enjoying a resistor-less implementation. The hardware complexity of the proposed scheme compares favourably with existing voltage-mode neural circuits...
A feedback neural network based CMOS compatible circuit to solve a system of simultaneous linear equations is presented. The circuit has an associated transcendental energy function that ensures fast convergence to the exact solution while enjoying reduction in hardware complexity over existing schemes. HSPICE simulation results are presented for a chosen set of equations and are found to agree exactly...
For the automatic detection of cephalometric landmarks in digital skull X-ray, enhancement is required for selective emphasis and suppression of information in the image with the aim of increasing the image's usefulness, image smoothing filters are used for noise removal and blurring for removing small details which clutter the main shape. This image smoothing leads to better edge detction for recognizing...
An electronic nose is an instrument intended to mimic the human sense of smell. Electronic noses (e-nose) employ an array of chemical gas sensors, a sample handling system and a pattern recognition system. Pattern recognition provides a higher degree of selectivity and reversibility to the system leading to an extensive range of applications. These ranges from the food and medical industries to environmental...
A special class of multiplierless transforms for computing discrete cosine transform (DCT) is introduced. This algorithm is completely multiplierless to compute an N-point DCT using Ramanujan Number of order -1 and order-2. The algorithm requires evaluation of Cosine angles which are multiples of 2pi/N. If the transform size N is a Ramanujan Number and if 2pi/N cong 2-a, then the cosine functions...
CDMA is interference limited multiple access system. Power control is an effective way to reduce co-channel interference. Consequently, it can improve the system capacity. CDMA employs fast closed-loop power control in uplink in which signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) is estimated. Transmitting power is adjusted by comparing estimated SIR with desired SIR. In this paper a modified fixed step power...
The carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles have potential to provide an attractive solution for the resistivity and electromigration problems faced by traditional copper interconnects in very deep submicron (VDSM) technology. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of mixed bundles of CNTs and compares various transmission line model interconnect parameters (R, L, & C) with that of the Cu interconnects...
This paper presents a simulation study for a new block transmission system that depends on sharing the equalization process between the receiver and the transmitter. The transmitter share will be 75% of the signal processing, while the rest will be done at the receiver. A real time simulation is performed using Simulink to prove the mathematical model. Detailed block diagrams are introduced with description...
The Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) based color image coder, commonly referred as Color SPIHT (CSPIHT) are developed to quantize and encode wavelet coefficients and have excellent rate distortion characteristic in the noise free environments. However in presence of noise they are extremely sensitive to the bit errors. It was observed that bits have different degree of vulnerability...
Bluetooth based new wireless applications can increase comfort and security by automation of the tasks earlier controlled manually. In this paper advantages of low cost, low power and robustness of Bluetooth have been exploited to propose and implement two new consumer systems in the form of a garage door opening system and an electronic attendance record system. Both the applications provide luxury...
This paper introduces a new quality controlled Discrete Cosine transform (DCT) and Laplacian Pyramid based compression method for electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. The ECG signal is transformed using DCT and Laplacian Pyramid. The transformed coefficients are thresholded using the bisection algorithm in order to match the predefined user specified percentage root mean square difference (PRD) within...
This paper presents the design of the area optimized integer two dimensional discrete cosine transform (2-D DCT) used in H.264/AVC codecs. The 2-D DCT calculation is performed by utilizing the separability property, in such a way that 2-D DCT is divided into two 1-D DCT calculation that are joined through a common memory. Due to its area optimized approach, the design will find application in mobile...
In this paper, we proposed a categorization for most of the existing watermarking algorithms that work in wavelet domain. Then an adaptive watermarking attack for digital images that is based on the proposed categorization is presented. This attack determines the flat regions, edges and textures of the watermarked image and based on known features of each region the proposed attack tries to destroy...
The paper compares the objective quality of standard test image akio.yuv for DCT coefficients to integer transform coefficients conversion & vice versa for the purpose of MPEG-2 to H.264 & vice versa transcoding. The conversions are compared on the basis of PSNR (peak signal to noise ratio) between original & reconstructed image after transcoding.
Video data compression uses interframe coding to remove temporal redundancy and motion compensation plays a vital role in it. Generally, the block matching techniques are used for motion compensation and the matching criterions used are mean absolute difference (MAD) and mean square error (MSE). MSE has more computation than MAD and therefore, MAD is the most preferred block matching criterion for...
Carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNFETs) are already competitive in some respects with state-of-art silicon transistors, and are promising candidates for future nano-electronic devices. The ability of CNFET for using high K-dielectric provides high insulator capacitance which improves the gate control and also lowers gate leakage. This paper proposes new energy efficient CNFETs based drivers...
The paper presents a 2D analytical model for the potential function and threshold voltage of symmetric Double-Gate (DG) MOSFETs with vertical Gaussian doping profile in the channel.
The dual-tree complex wavelet transform (CWT) is a relatively recent enhancement to the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). It is nearly shift invariant and directionally selective in two and higher dimensions. Firstly the works of A.Gupta is studied for real wavelets and on the similar lines equations are formulated for real signal and complex -valued filter coefficients for 2-channel complex filter...
Content based video indexing and retrieval traces back to the elementary video structures, such as a table of contents. Thus, algorithms for video partitioning have become crucial with the unremitting growth in the prevalent digital video technology. This demands for a tool which would break down the video into smaller and manageable units called shots. In this paper, a shot boundary detection technique...
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