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Along with the rapidly increasing number of personal computers, the energy consumption associated with a computer has attracted increasing attention. However, different Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies of computers report qualitatively different results. This analysis estimates the energy needed to manufacture a laptop computer using hybrid LCA. Reasons for focusing specifically on laptop computers...
The energy consumed to produce and purify a kilogram of laser vaporization SWCNTs at the laboratory scale was found to be 0.13-0.19 GWh/kg under standard production conditions, with 0.114 GWh/kg coming from electrical energy. Most of the energy consumption results from thermal and resistive losses of the laser and single zone furnace in use. The time and temperature of final oxidation of the material...
South Korea is a newly industrialized country where reliable energy consumption data are available back to the early 1960s. In this research, to understand the energy consumption and CO2 emission flows from industrial sectors, energy input-output analysis and network approach were used. For energy input output analysis, ordinary trade table for energy sector and energy trade for non energy sector...
The demand for data center solutions with lower total cost of ownership and lower complexity of management is driving the creation of next generation datacenters. The information technology industry is in the midst of a transformation to lower the cost of operation through consolidation and better utilization of critical data center resources. Successful consolidation necessitates increasing utilization...
This paper presents estimates of exhaust emissions from a container vessel during its voyages by using current best-practice inventory methodology. Emission estimates are performed for both criteria air pollutants and greenhouse gases. Two approaches, power-based and fuel-based, are applied for emission calculations, where the former involves multiplying power-based emission factors by engine power...
Due to their unique electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties, single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted considerable interest for use in a number of applications such as lithium ion batteries, fuel cells, and conductive wiring. However, the energy required to synthesize and purify SWCNTs in the manufacturing phase must be considered in order to fully realize the benefits in the use...
Biobased production of fuels from renewable resources has gained high research and development priority due to issues of national security regarding US fossil fuel consumption and concerns about the environmental impacts of burgeoning greenhouse gases. Currently, most ethanol production in the US uses corn as the feedstock. However, corn production significantly contributes to water quality degradation,...
The Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) has highlighted the fast depletion of ecosystem services over the past 50 years and has identified their crucial role in human well-being. This emphasizes the need of accounting for ecosystem goods and services in life cycle of products and processes. Despite the availability of numerous Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) techniques, most methods only account for...
E-waste, the CO2 impact of the IT industry and increasing demands for corporate social responsibility are the driving forces behind the ??Green IT?? boom. Tools such as Environmental labelling of IT equipment and other claims to environmental preferability are guiding consumers to more ecologically sound choices of IT equipment. At the same time, consumers have an endless demand for high performance...
Biobased fuels from renewable resources has gained high research and development priority due to national security and environmental concerns. To ensure resilience and sustainability of the nation's agricultural and fuel sectors, it is essential to evaluate the effect of recent and foreseeable environmental effects from agricultural cultivation. This study examines the environmental impacts of fertilizers...
Previous studies on environmental impacts embodied in trade have paid little attention on the impacts of labor, or environmental overhead of labor (EOL). In particular, EOL can occur in both the household consumption of fuels and electricity by workers and in the delivery of products and services consumed by workers. This research defines EOL and quantifies energy and carbon dioxide (CO2) EOL embodied...
Sustainable building materials offer energy efficiency and environmental performance. One possible sustainable building product is insulating concrete forms (ICF). An ICF wall section consists of expanded polystyrene and concrete with polyethylene ties. One difference between a ldquonormalrdquo construction and ICF construction is that the forms stay in place after concrete has cured. The forms and...
Environmental policy making, green product rating, and marketing activities seem likely to drive the utilization of eco-assessments in the near future. In this paper we show from the example of EuP Preparatory Studies and other policy supporting studies some characteristics of ICT eco-assessments on different economical levels. We argue that the high diversity of individual cases coupled with technology...
The value in identifying current trends and viewing them in a historical light is that the results can be used to inform ongoing policy and investment decisions. This paper highlights historic and current patterns in human population, energy use, and culture, with technological development as both a facilitating and resultant factor. It is shown that there is a positive relationship between national...
High-brightness light-emitting diodes (LEDs) form the basis for solid-state lighting (SSL) systems. SSL systems have the potential to reduce electricity consumption of lighting systems as they are much more efficient than current lighting technologies. One concern is that the full life-cycle energy requirements of SSL systems, including the production of the materials and LED components, may negate...
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