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In order to implement producer responsibility as required by the European WEEE-Directive, Germany decided to allow producers to determine the extent of their individual responsibility based on brand sorting. This paper presents this approach, the challenges related to its practical application and possible alternatives to implement individual producer responsibility.
E-waste policies and regulations form the basis of E-waste management in a country. The evolution of policy and regulatory regime in this context is driven by a number of drivers both at local and international level. In this context, analysis of the existing policy and regulations and emergence of future trends has been carried out for E-waste management in India. Further, major drivers, which are...
Microbiological processes were applied to mobilize metals from printed wire boards. Acidithiobacillusferrooxidans isolated from a acidic mine drainage was grown and acclimated in the presence of printed wire boards and then used as bioleaching bacteria to solubilize metals from scraps of printed wire boards. Two Face Copper Clad Laminate (TFCCL), TFCCL with green non-conductive coating and actual...
This research focuses on quantifying the flows of gold related to small waste electrical and electronic equipment in Germany and in the USA. The results demonstrate that for mobile phones in Germany, only about 5% of the gold is currently recovered. These losses are due to insufficient collection and inadequate treatment.
China plays an important role in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE, also known as e-waste) recycling around the world. Over 0.7 million people were employed for e-waste recycling industry in 2007, and 98% in the informal recycling sector. These informal e-waste recycling activities pose significant threats to the environment as well public health. Based on analysis of the current policies...
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