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International trade is recognized as a mechanism to optimally allocate resources including capital, labor, and materials at the global scale. Recently there has been increasing interest in the embodied environmental impacts of international trade, especially in emissions embodied in trade. Focusing on the environmental side, it is standard to ignore the environmental overhead of the labor (EOL), environmental...
Due to their unique electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties, single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted considerable interest for use in a number of applications such as lithium ion batteries, fuel cells, and conductive wiring. However, the energy required to synthesize and purify SWCNTs in the manufacturing phase must be considered in order to fully realize the benefits in the use...
Existing Life Cycle Assessment does not take into account the relative temporal differences in inventory data. The lack of such considerations could lead to an inaccurate analysis of impacts and to incorrect conclusions in the comparative studies of products with comparable inventories but different life cycle times. In this paper, we report on our research of the investigation of the embedded temporal...
A schematic method to characterize the human health impact of toxic chemicals is presented. This schematic method uses a streamlined three-tiered hierarchy process which includes intake, toxicity and persistence of a chemical release for its impact characterization. The human health impact of a chemical is represented by its position in a two-dimensional characterization plot, which enables the benchmarking...
Extensive interviews with electronic product recyclers and refurbishers identified numerous ways that the design of electronic products could be improved to enhance the performance of EoL systems in financial and resource conservation terms. Some design changes can be applied by manufacturers to today's products, some require collaborative industry initiatives, and some are transformative of the ICT...
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