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The thermomechanical fatigue of solder joints on the system level is more complex to predict than on the board level. The damage of the solder joints of an electronic device in an ECU (electronic control unit) depends on the thermal expansion mismatch between the materials of the device and the PCB (printed circuit board), so called local mismatch, as well as on the global deformation of the PCB induced...
One of the driving factors for a steady reduction in wafer and cell thickness is the present shortage of polysilicon feedstock combined with the need to reduce manufacturing costs in photovoltaic module production. Therefore materials and manufacturing processes must adapt to maintain acceptable mechanical yields and module reliability. The soldering of solar cell strings is a critical step in the...
Considerable scientific efforts were made in the past decade, to come up with reliable and predictive analyses for lead-free solder interconnects, in view of their obligatory introduction a few years ago. This paper concentrates on a number of physical, computational and experimental multi-scale aspects, based on the analyses of the instabilities that occur in a Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) alloy. Particular attention...
This paper investigates the degradation behaviour of lead-free Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5 solder. A series of isothermal mechanical cycling tests under different conditions has been conducted. The tests were monitored in-situ with a high magnification camera system. Optical observations are presented from selected tests, showing the surface morphology during testing. In addition to the optical investigation,...
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