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Humans utilize the configuration with extended knees to achieve efficient walk. A humanoid robot, however, cannot do so, since this posture is a singular configuration. In order to tackle this problem, in our previous work, a walking pattern generator based on the spherical inverted pendulum model has been proposed. It enables to generate up-and-down waist motions and utilizes the singularity neighborhood...
Humanoid robots demand high performance on actuators, such as power-to-weight ratio, durability, occupation volume, and freedom of placement. Also, for robots to interact with unknown objects, flexibility is necessary. Backdrivability is effective when both flexibility and high output torque needs to be realized, which were often contradicting requirement. In this paper, backdrivable hydrostatic transmission...
Multiple strategies for standing balance have been observed in humans, including using the ankles to apply torque to the ground, using the hips and/or arms to generate horizontal ground forces, and using the knees and hips to squat. This paper shows that multiple strategies can arise from the same optimization criterion. It is likely that humanoid robots will exhibit the same balance strategies as...
This paper reports on the applicability of our passivity-based contact force control framework for humanoids. We present its adaptation to unknown rough terrain. The adaptation to uneven ground is achieved by an optimally-distributed anti-gravitational forces applied to preset contact points in a feed-forward manner even without explicitly measuring the external forces or the terrain shape. The adaptation...
The biped Lucy, powered by pleated pneumatic artificial muscles, has been built and controlled and is able to walk up to a speed of 0.15 m/s. The pressures inside the muscles are controlled by a joint trajectory tracking controller to track the desired joint trajectories calculated by a trajectory generator. However, the actuators are set to a fixed stiffness value. In this paper a compliance controller...
Physical humanoids often require the ability to maintain upright balance while performing various tasks involving locomotion and environmental interaction. Such balance requirements have been difficult to maintain with traditional approaches to articulated motion control. We claim that these difficulties are significantly due the use of parent-space in standard proportional-derivative (PD) servoing,...
An apprentice is an able-bodied individual that should interactively assist an expert, and through this interaction, they should acquire knowledge and skill in the given task domain. In this context the robot should have a useful repertoire of sensory-motor acts that the human can command with spoken language. In order to address the additional requirements for learning new behaviors, the robot should...
We extend simple models previously developed for humanoids to large push recovery. Using these simple models, we develop analytic decision surfaces that are functions of reference points, such as the center of mass and center of pressure, that predict whether or not a fall is inevitable. We explore three strategies for recovery: 1) using ankle torques, 2) moving internal joints, and 3) taking a step...
Low-cost dynamics is a key issue in planning complex motions. This paper aims at proposing a fast algorithm in order to simulate aerial motions for humanoids while using motion capture data. As the real subject has obviously different anthropometric parameters than the synthetic robot, directly applying motion capture data leads to a non-respect of physical laws. As a consequence, the humanoid can...
This paper presents design, control and implementation of the humanoid robot platform Robo-Erectus Senior (RESr-1). It is a full-size humanoid robot using self-contained modular component to perform cooperative works in general humanoid environment and robotic soccer (RoboCup) in particular. Mechatronic drives has cubic or double design with multiple connecting sockets in different orientations. Thereby,...
Path planning issues are often solved via constrained optimization methods but with constraints which must be satisfied over a whole interval of time or space. The use of fast numerical toolboxes implementing state-of-the-art constrained needs to discretize the continous constraints over a time grid. Thus, the obtained solution, in this way, will satisfy the constraints only for time values corresponding...
This paper presents an analysis of a hydraulic joint on a humanoid robot. Various controllers have been designed that allow the limb to have a range of characteristics such as being stiff or compliant.
This paper presents three basic bipedal walking gait adjustment modes: stride-frequency adjustment, step-length adjustment and biped lower extremities' pattern adjustment. All the adjustment modes are based on the simple Fourier series formulation named as Truncated Fourier Series (TFS) model newly proposed as a walking pattern generator. Making use of these three gait adjustment modes, bipedal walking...
Natural human-robot interaction is an important research topic in the field of humanoid robotics. Because more than 60% of human interaction is conducted non-verbally motion generation for a humanoid robot is of enormous importance for human-robot interaction. The content of this paper is a biological inspired system for describing and generating expressions by combining the simple habits of interaction...
This paper investigates touching as a natural way for humans to communicate with robots. In particular we developed a system to edit motions of a small humanoid robot by touching its body parts. This interface has two purposes: it allows the user to develop robot motions in a very intuitive way, and it allows us to collect data useful for studying the characteristics of touching as a means of communication...
Decision making in robotics often involves computing an optimal action for a given state, where the space of actions under consideration can potentially be large and state dependent. Many of these decision making problems can be naturally formalized in the multiclass classification framework, where actions are regarded as labels for states. One powerful approach to multiclass classification relies...
For a complex autonomous robotic system such as a humanoid robot, the learning-based sensory prediction is considered effective to develop a perceptual environment model by itself. We developed a learning system for an autonomous robot to predict the next sensory information from the current sensory information and the expected action. The system we consider contains a learning procedure and a behavior...
Human beings perform complex tasks while even keeping balance. Though this is evident for a human, it is very difficult to adapt human motion to humanoid robots, due to the posture redundancy. In this paper we propose a conceptually simple framework of human posture control, scoping in a general way with grasp, task achievement and being on the same time robust to external disturbances. We do this...
The recent trend of humanoid robotics research has been deeply influenced by concepts such as distributed architectures, local control, force interaction and emergence of coordinated motions. A hypothesis is that feedback control from several sensors, such as force sensors and inertial devices, and more advanced control algorithms will be a key issue for the next developments. In this paper, we discuss...
It is proposed the local axis gait algorithm in order to generate real-time gait patterns for a humanoid robot. The 3D foot motion planning for the humanoid global motion is developed in order to walk in any surface as plane, ramp, climbing stairs. Furthermore, it is possible continuous change the step length and orientation in real time. The cart-table model is used for planning COG and ZMP motion...
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