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Composed of mobile nodes, MANETs rely on the entire collaboration of nodes to provide routing and forwarding functions. Many solutions have been proposed to enforce the collaboration of nodes in MANETs. Most of them rely on monitoring mechanisms to detect selfish or malicious behaviors. These mechanisms have in common the implicit use of MAC layer information in their detection process. This paper...
A particularly severe attack on routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is the collusion attack, in which a pair of colluding attackers prevent routes to a specific node (targeted node) from being established. This attack has devastating impact on Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol which is one of the standard routing protocols for MANETs. When there is a collusion attack in...
A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes which communicate over radio. These kinds of networks are very flexible and thus they do not require any fixed infrastructure or central administration. Therefore, mobile ad-hoc networks can be deployed easily and used as temporary communication links. The biggest challenge in these kinds of networks is to find a path between the communication...
In the present scenario, mobile communication is being widely used in the areas where infrastructure-based telecommunication systems are unavailable or to deploy one is not cost effective. However, often users suffer due to the fact that mobile devices have very low computational capability and thus are incapable of executing many applications with higher resource requirements. In a mobile adhoc network...
AODV is a prominent routing protocol for MANET that uses hop count as a path selection metric. However, AODV has no means to convey traffic load on current route. In this paper we propose a weight-based load balanced routing (WLBR) protocol for MANETs. The routing strategy projected in this paper focuses on distributing the traffic on the routes consisting of nodes with comparatively longer life and...
VANET is an ad hoc network composed of highly mobile vehicle nodes. Many routing protocols utilize traffic information as a critical metric for determining optimal message forwarding path. The existing traffic information systems are not suitable for routing decision either because of the huge development and maintenance cost or due to the insufficient information provision. In this paper, a new distributed...
Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) is a hybrid routing protocol used in ad-hoc networks. The authors have proposed a new routing protocol called, genetic zone routing protocol (GZRP) which is an extension of ZRP applied with genetic algorithms (GA) for finding the alternative routes in order to load balance the network and as well to resist to the link and/or node failures. The caching of the previously...
A well-known traffic engineering technology in MPLS network is the constraint-based routed label distribution protocol (CR-LDP). In case of conflict, CR-LDP coordinates LSPs that causes conflict, which would result in other conflicts and may cause chain of rerouting. Multi agent based path rerouting method avoids this chain of rerouting. In case of conflict MPRM co-ordinates all LSPs not only the...
The Gnutella protocol requires peers to broadcast messages to their neighbors when they search files. The message passing generates a lot of traffic in the network, which degrades the quality of service. We propose the new method to optimize the speed of search and to improve the quality of service in a Gnutella based peer-to-peer environment with using semantic routing and priority of nodes. Once...
In this paper, we analyze a protocol that is hybrid of an incremental protocol and a protocol that tries to identify multiple node-disjoint paths in a single route discovery. We prove that the hybrid protocol preserves the guarantee inherited from the incremental protocol about the identification of a maximal set of node-disjoint paths. In our analysis, we focus on the following parameters: (i) communication...
Ad Hoc networks are gaining popularity day by day and their presence is expanding into every field, soon they will be part of our day to day life. In the proposed method, a scenario of an office building is taken with `n?? nodes and `m?? floors. A routing algorithm is proposed for the above scenario taking into consideration, the probabilities of each node to be present on a particular floor. The...
IEEE 802.15.4 standard is uniquely designed for low data rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs). The IEEE 802.15.4 targets the applications such as industrial, agricultural, vehicular, residential, medical sensors and actuators which have more relaxed throughput requirements. ZigBee is a wireless technology based on IEEE 802.15.4. ZigBee routing uses ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV)...
Growing bandwidth demand in the Internet requires new algorithms and architectures to provide a high degree of QoS. Further, to complicate the problem of Traffic Engineering, real time data processing requires more priority than non-real time data processing. In this paper, we present an effective solution for improving QoS of audio and video packets in MPLS networks under real time traffic conditions...
Energy-aware multicast communication in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) is an important issue due to the power constraint of battery in each mobile node. In this paper, we propose an energy-aware multicast routing problem for MANET that finds a path for each node-pair connecting the source node and the destination set such that any node in each path does not run out of its power during the transmission...
MANET has been a hot research topic for quite a few years. The principal attractions of MANETs are related to the ease with which they can be deployed due to their infrastructure-less and decentralized nature. Applications for MANET range from military operations and emergency disaster relief, to community networking and interaction between attendees at a meeting. The challenge of MANETs is to design...
In the recent years, wireless technology has enjoyed a tremendous rise in popularity and usage, thus opening new fields of applications in the domain of networking. One such field concerns mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) where the participating nodes do not rely on any existing network infrastructure. By definition, the nature of ad hoc networks is dynamically changing and they have a fully decentralized...
Border Gateway Protocol version 4 (BGP-4) is the routing protocol for inter-domain routing in the Internet. Although BGP-4 is a scalable distributed routing protocol, BGP propagates only the selected best path for a destination to other autonomous systems. This property and long convergence delay in BGP have been known to cause serious inefficiency in network resource utilization and vulnerability...
With the proliferation of multiple radio devices, simply choosing to send all traffic over the one next-hop radio link with the lowest metric is foolish. Unfortunately, this behavior is what exists today. In this paper, we describe how to combine multiple radio links?? metrics to a particular next-hop device. The combined next-hop metric allows a multiple radio device to choose the best next-hop device...
An ad hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes with no fixed infrastructure such as base station or mobile switching centers. In this paper we present the study and simulation of a new protocol for routing in ad hoc networks. The new proposed protocol is an Enhancement of Ad hoc on demand Distance Vector (EAODV) routing protocol which offers quick adaptation to dynamic link conditions, low processing...
Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have recently gained a lot of popularity due to their rapid deployment and instant communication capabilities. However, as a key technology for next-generation wireless networking, WMNs lack suitable routing metrics and protocol for new features. Currently, AODV is the routing protocol used in WMNs. This paper proposes an ants-in-mesh (AIM) routing protocol for wireless...
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