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This paper generalizes a multibaseline interferometric SAR signal model taking polarization diversity into account. Based on this formulation, two high-performance spectral analysis techniques are extended to the multibaseline POL-InSAR configuration. These new algorithms enhance the height estimation of scatterers by calculating optimal polarization combinations and allow to determine their physical...
This paper focuses on multi-pass spaceborne synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) in presence of distributed scattering, paying particular attention to the role of target decorrelation in the estimation process. This phenomenon is accounted for by splitting the analysis into two steps. In the first step we estimate the interferometric phases from the data, while in the second step we use...
We have investigated the phase retrieval capability of the Extended Minimum Cost Flow (EMCF) phase unwrapping (PhU) approach in the framework of the Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI) algorithms for the generation of deformation time-series. The presented technique exploits an appropriate selection of full resolution interferograms obtained via a triangulation step carried out in the Temporal/Perpendicular...
This paper describes the system and experiment of Pi- SAR(L) repeat pass interferometric SAR To obtain a high- quality interferometric image, it is necessary to make two flights on the same pass and observe in the same direction. We built a flight control system utilizing the preinstalled autopilot. This system measures position and altitude precisely with using a differential GPS, and controls the...
The Institut Cartografic de Catalunya (ICC) has initiated a project for continuous subsidence monitoring of the Catalonian territory using an automatic advanced DInSAR processor (DISICC). Data used in this project are acquired by ERS-1/2, ENVISAT, and the future ALOS, TerraSAR-X and Radarsat 2 satellites. The processor performs the co-registration, interferogram generation, filtering, topographic...
The stable point network (SPN) is a persistent scatterer interferometric technique developed by ALTAMIRA INFORMATION in 2001. The technique makes use of both ERS SAR and/or ASAR differential phase measurements to generate long term terrain movement and precise height maps with the same resolution as the original SAR images. The algorithm is capable to use all the available phase information even in...
The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission aims at observing two variables critical for a large scientific community, from biosphere dynamics to climate monitoring. The mission should also provide information on root zone soil moisture and vegetation and contribute to significant research in the field of the cryosphere. The original design, 2D interferometric radiometer at L-band, and principle...
The geostationary synthetic thinned aperture radiometer (GeoSTAR) is a new instrument design that has been under development at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the form of a proof-of-concept prototype. It is intended to fill a serious gap in our Earth remote sensing capabilities - namely the lack of a microwave atmospheric sounder in geostationary orbit. Such sensors have long been part of low-earth-orbiting...
The paper describes the synchronization link of the two satellites of the TanDEM-X mission. The synchronization link is established to track the oscillator phase noise difference which- after appropriate processing - can be used to compensate the effect of oscillator phase noise. A signal model based on the synchronization link hardware is presented which is then used to derive an analytical expression...
We have investigated the deformation affecting the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy), from 2002 to the end of 2006, by analyzing ENVISAT ASAR IS-2 data. This study has been performed by exploiting the SBAS-DInSAR algorithm that allows us to detect earth surface displacements and to investigate their temporal evolution via the generation of deformation time series. The presented analysis highlighted the...
The last decade has seen an increasing demand for accurate mapping and wide-coverage monitoring of glaciers and ice sheets in order to measure and predict their response to global climate change and their contribution to sea level rise. This in turn requires a more complete understanding of their properties including topography, accumulation rates and vertical profiles. One promising new technique...
The DSS-INSAR (distributed small satellite INSAR) applies the interferometry to the carrier platform which is made up of small satellites flying in a certain formation. It aims to retrieve DEM (digital elevation map) with quite high precision globally. In fact, every small satellite in the flying formation is dynamically circling around a reference central point along a certain track. Therefore, the...
In remote sensing applications the monitoring of urban areas by means of SAR sensors has been grown to a valuable and indispensable tool. Whereas SAR imaging with a spatial resolution down to one meter is widespread, a resolution down to 10 cm and below is offered only by a very few SAR sensors worldwide. In this contribution the potential of high resolution and very high resolution radar imaging...
With the advent of new, more widely available very high resolution (VHR) SAR and optical sensor satellite constellations, the issue of jointly exploiting the corresponding imaging data in the best possible way naturally arises. Our ultimate goal is the pixel-level fusion of these modalities and their visualization in a 3D context, i.e. draped over terrain data, itself obtained from interferometric...
The National Research Council's Decadal Survey for Earth Science identified InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) observations among the highest priorities for new NASA Earth missions. A system making observations required by the solid Earth, vegetation, and ice/climate science communities is recommended. In response, analyses are underway to evaluate efficient combinations of science objectives...
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the application of C-band ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT radar images to investigate the urban subsidence due to groundwater extraction. Cities in Australia without groundwater being over-extracted are compared to cities in Australia and China with groundwater being over-extracted. The persistent scatterer InSAR results are interpreted and compared to investigate the...
Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) processing, if lacking high quality ground control points (GCPs), may produce large errors in the final DEM. Some kind of alignment or registration can reduce these errors. This paper evaluates the accuracy of InSAR processed digital elevation models (DEM), against a high resolution DEM. InSAR DEMs were aligned and least-squares registered with USGS,...
The Belvedere Glacier, east face of Monte Rosa, has been investigated for many decades because of a long history of outburst threatening the village of Macugnaga and, in the latest years, a surge-type evolution, responsible for the formation of a large depression at the foot of the east wall of Monte Rosa, which hosted a supraglacial lake named "Lago Effimero" in summer 2002. In this contribution,...
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry is a well-known technique to obtain displacement rates in urban areas from a stack of SAR interferograms. Besides the original method introduced by A. Ferretti, C. Prati and F. Rocca in the late 1990's, which estimates the displacement rates and DEM corrections by an ensemble coherence maximization approach (periodogram) based on a common master image, several other...
The Coherent Targets Monitoring technique is providing superior ground deformation mapping compared with standard interferometry based on one pair of Master/Slave scenes. This is because using a larger data set it is possible to estimate and correct for additional phase error sources. Also the point targets detected as coherent targets are generally characterized by stronger signal that provides more...
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