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Two cloud water models that can be included in the radiative transfer to simulate brightness temperatures from radiosonde data are analyzed. We first evaluate and optimize the capability of the models to detect correctly the presence of clouds, by comparing the cloud base heights identified from the radiosoundings with those provided by a ceilometer. Then, the performances of the different cloud models...
NASA has organized a worldwide Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) of Sun photometers. These well characterized instruments (CIMEL Sun photometer) make aerosol optical depth measurements based on the transmission of the direct sunlight through the atmosphere in 5 and 8 spectral bands. AERONET aerosol retrievals are limited to clear sky conditions (no clouds or no cirrus clouds) and retrieve aerosol...
All remote sensing of the Earth's surface in the solar wavelengths is impacted by the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF): all Earth surfaces scatter light anisotropically. The BRDF describes the angular distribution of scattered light and is thus what most remote sensing instruments sample. The BRDF is dependent on the structural as well as the optical characteristics of surfaces...
A new method is developed to model the volume backscattering from dry snow. The model is a combination of the exact field approach and zeroth order vector radiative transfer theory. The field approach is used to define the scattering characteristics in a single almost indefinite small snow volume unit and the calculation is realized with discrete dipole approximation (DDA). The radiative transfer...
Dense media radiative transfer theory (DMRT) is used to study the multiple scattering effects in active microwave remote sensing. To solve the dense media radiative transfer equation, we decompose the diffuse intensities into Fourier series in the azimuthal direction. Each harmonic is solved by the eigen-quadrature approach. The solution includes full multiple scattering effects within DMRT. Comparisons...
There are many satellites in orbit using total power microwave radiometers with external calibration targets. Pre- launch and on-orbit calibrations have been developed and applied to ensure accurate measurements over decades. But because of different designs as well as instrument aging effects, subsequent calibration is necessary to improve or maintain measurement accuracy. In-orbit inter-satellite...
An aerosol retrieval algorithm is currently under development in scope of the upcoming APEX hyperspectral imager. It will be able to close the gap between global remote sensing and one-dimensional in situ measurements of atmospheric particles. This paper presents a feasibility study of the proposed APEX aerosol retrieval approach for hyperspectral imagery with high spatial resolution. The extraction...
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