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This paper gives a closer look on the subject of the conversion of a conventional metro line into a fully automated operation without interrupting or disturbing the service. In the introduction, we present the Line 1 Automation project as one of the principal aspects of Paris metro's network modernization plan announced by the Regie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP). Next we explain why the...
The paper describes the practical application and tailoring of the relevant parts of the standard, and in particular the development of a deterministic matrix approach to aid in the specification of required safety performance for protection systems. The assessment and engineering substantiation of protection systems is an intrinsic part of the continuing safety case management for nuclear facilities...
Engineers face prosecution, and their companies compensation claims, when safety-critical systems fail and cause harm. The law reduces the complexities of systems to simple linear and hierarchical structures, risking injustice and obstructing investigation. A three-fold solution is proposed, involving a more constructive approach to investigation, empowering system architects and corresponding contractual...
Electronic devices are increasingly used in safety-related and safety-critical applications. But all electronic devices are susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI), making their electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) with their environments over their lifecycle a safety issue. So one of the challenges of dealing with these new technologies and more complex systems must be to ensure that EMI...
There are several key words used throughout various industries when relating information important to safety. Modern safety practitioners may be unaware of the meaning these words have and the perception of them in the general public. The Engineering Council has suggested that public perception eventually results in regulation, in media treatment and in government decisions affecting industry. So...
This paper sets out a methodology for setting tolerable risk levels, for various methods of safety integrity level (SIL) determination, to meet the principles as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). It makes proposals on how to deal with the tolerable risk concept for safety instrumented systems (SIS) protecting against single hazards.
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