In the field of underwater acoustic communication, because of the signal transmission distance is shorter, generally uses the copper cable transmission. When the signal is needed to be transmitted in a long distance, its anti interference and attenuation will seriously affect the reliability of the transmission. Optical fiber transmits in higher speed and stronger antijamming. Its application is more and more widely in the field of communications. FPGA using is flexible and efficient. And Use the IP core design more simple and efficient. Use of optical fiber and the FPGA can solve the problem of signal transmission and data processing speed. When multiple nodes are connected in series, it can better play the advantages of short delay and large data traffic.